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이장욱(Chang Wook Lee) 한국인간과자연학회 2022 인간과자연 Vol.3 No.1
본 고는 고려 문종 시기의 여송 국교 재개에 관한 연구로 분문의 내용을 5장으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 본문 1장은 들어가는 말로 11세기의 동북아 국제정세에 대해 살펴보았다. 2장에서는 여송 국교 재개의 배경을 설명하고, 3장에서는 여송 국교 재개의 원인을 알아보았다. 4장에서는 여송 국교 재개의 전개로 양국의 견해 차이와 더불어 국교 재개 과정을 살펴보았다. 5장은 나오는 말로 국교 재개를 통해 얻은 결론을 기술하였다. The following paper is trying to examine the restoration of the official diplomatic relations between Song China and Koryo dynasty during the late 11th century. This paper is also trying to investigate the differently written Chinese and Korean primary sources especially in relating to the 1068-1071 historical incidents. The political situation in the 11th century not only formed a new international order in East Asia but also established a balance of power among the Khitans, Song China and Koryo dynasty, such that there was no single power dominated. Peaceful conditions were thus maintained and led to economic and cultural prosperity in this area. After Koreans accepted Khitan supremacy through the long wars between the two states in 1019, the Koryo dynasty had sought strategically important ally in East Asia, particularly with the Song which eventually restored the official diplomatic relations between the Chinese and Koreans during the 1068-1071. Since that time, the relations between the Song and Koryo dynasty were so close that they not only exchanged envoys but also many cultural products. For instance, In 1079, when King Munzong of Koryo fell ill, Emperor Shenzong had specially sent medical officials to cure the aged Korean king as an expression of the importance of this state to the Song government.
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김영제(Kim Young-Jae) 역사학회 2012 역사학보 Vol.0 No.213
The Song Dynasty limited trade to countries which represented a military threat to their regime. However, when a country did not impinge upon Song’s safety, then that country was permitted to trade. In the case of Khitan(遼), which the Song regarded as a hostile country, land trade(?場交易) monitored by authorities was permitted, but marine trade(海上交易) was forbidden. After the invasion of Khitan, Goryeo broke off relations with Song, and was forced to align with Khitan. Consequently Song regarded Goryeo as under the control of a hostile country, Khitan. As such, Goryeo could not dispatch its own marine merchants to Song. During the King Renzong’s (仁宗) reign, the Song Dynasty had intentions to align with Goryeo to restore its diplomatic power. As such, Renzong of Song suggested that if Goryeo aligned with Song, it could trade with Song. After Shenzong(神宗) of Song ascended the throne, he suggested this issue to Goryeo again, and following Goryeo eventual acceptance, the alliance was formalized. Since Munjong of Goryeo allied with the Song, the activities of Goryeo merchants had been identified as of particular interest. Due to the participation of Goryeo merchants, sea trade in East Asia was no longer exclusively composed of Song merchants, which triggered increases in multilateral trade. Meanwhile Goryeo merchants continued to come and go to official ports in Southern China except during the outbreak of war in China itself.
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