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PATH GENERATION ALGORITHM BASED ON CRASH POINT PREDICTION FOR LANE CHANGING OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
Chanho Park,Nak-Tak Jeong,Dongyeon Yu,Sung-Ho Hwang 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.3
To reduce the calculation time needed to determine the optimal path, the form of the road and the path of an autonomous vehicle were linearized; additionally, among multiple obstacles, only those that were potentially dangerous were chosen. By considering the movement of moving obstacles, the cost was calculated. The calculation time was shortened by reducing the number of design variables of the optimal path, when changing lanes to avoid obstacles, to two. Limiting conditions, such as the lateral and longitudinal acceleration, were excluded from the cost calculation by restricting the search region of the design variable. The final result was calculated using a relatively free search of the golden-section search regarding the initial value setting. For the golden-section search, the number of final design variables was reduced to one; this was done by optimizing the search direction. The search direction was determined based on the final position of the vehicles and the calculated optimal points. By including a collision avoidance algorithm and moving in a short period of time, the calculated optimal path prevented accidents due to path errors caused by simplification. The path could be found easily, even for complex road shapes and with multiple vehicles nearby.
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Changmo Kim 한국도로학회 2018 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.05
The Golden Gate Bridge, known as one of the most beautiful bridges in the world, serves 110,000 vehicles per day, connecting San Francisco to inland as a segment of Highway 101 in California. The average peak hour volume over 6,500 vehicles per hour exceeds the traffic capacity of three lanes on each direction. Due to unique function of the bridge as a gateway of San Francisco, the peak directions in the morning and afternoon were explicitly distinguished. Recurrent traffic delay on the peak direction deteriorated level of service during the commute periods and caused user’s inconvenience and traffic accidents. The workers previously used to move plastic delineators to change lane configuration (4-2, 3-3, and 2-4) in several times a day. Neither did it provide prevention nor physical protection from the head-on collision on the bridge section. In January 2015, the Golden Gate Bridge was completely closed for two days to install the moveable median barrier (MMB) system, Road Zipper®, for more effective and safer variable lane management than the previous operation. One-meter section with 30.48 cm wide of highly reinforced concrete barriers are linked to form a continuous barrier wall and the machine lifts and passes the barriers through a conveyor system at a seeds up to 16 km/h. The MMB enables to quickly reverse lane configuration without traffic closure, providing more lanes to the peak direction as well as eliminating head-on collision on the bridge deck by presence of a physical structure. The traffic monitoring study result shows the significant improvement of average speed during peak hours and the regional traffic accident records shows improvement of safety after implementing the MMB on the Golden Gate Bridge. According to the traffic accident records, 13 injuries occurred in five accidents of vehicle collision in two-directions from 2007 to 2014 but no two-way accident has been reported since the operation of the Road Zipper® began. Furthermore, the MMB would be effectively implemented on construction work zones, managed lanes, variable lane management and other traffic operation to improve traffic safety and maximize utilization of roadway facilities.
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Alison & Peter Smithson의 골든레인 공동주택단지 계획안의 커뮤니티 구현 특성에 관한 연구
문지선(Moon, Ji-Sun),김경연(Kim, Kyoung-Yon),전병권(Jun, Byung-Kweon) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.31 No.4
When the world entered the industrial age, new modern residential models were attempted to prevent dense rundown residential areas in cities from turning into slum areas. An excessive emphasis on sanitation and mass production resulted in creating a residential environment replete with "psychological slum", lacking history and culture. To do that, This study focuses on Alison and Peter Smithson"s design proposal for the Golden Lane Housing project, which was presented at the Golden Lane Housing Competition held in London. As their proposal served as an important turning point in modern architecture, this study analyzed the characteristics of architecture and communities realized in the proposal of Golden Lane Housing project, which reflected the Smithsons" architectural philosophy. This study reviewed the history of England"s housing and analyzed the characteristics of community space, which was realized in Golden Lane Housing project. It also analyzed the architectural features of Golden Lane according to the Smithsons" architectural vision. It also attempted to derive the characteristics of community which were realized by the Golden Lane housing project through an architectural analysis. this study analyzed the formational system of community, which was envisioned by the Smithsons. The findings of this study will serve as valuable data in resolving problems of Korea"s housing. They will also provide a clue for realizing housing from a modern perspective in a more concrete, broad way.
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