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PKR Senses Nuclear and Mitochondrial Signals by Interacting with Endogenous Double-Stranded RNAs
Kim, Yoosik,Park, Joha,Kim, Sujin,Kim, MinA,Kang, Myeong-Gyun,Kwak, Chulhwan,Kang, Minjeong,Kim, Baekgyu,Rhee, Hyun-Woo,Kim, V. Narry Elsevier 2018 Molecular cell Vol.71 No.6
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) induces immune response by sensing viral double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). However, growing evidence suggests that PKR can also be activated by endogenously expressed dsRNAs. Here, we capture these dsRNAs by formaldehyde-mediated crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing and find that various noncoding RNAs interact with PKR. Surprisingly, the majority of the PKR-interacting RNA repertoire is occupied by mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs). MtRNAs can form intermolecular dsRNAs owing to bidirectional transcription of the mitochondrial genome and regulate PKR and eIF2α phosphorylation to control cell signaling and translation. Moreover, PKR activation by mtRNAs is counteracted by PKR phosphatases, disruption of which causes apoptosis from PKR overactivation even in uninfected cells. Our work unveils dynamic regulation of PKR even without infection and establishes PKR as a sensor for nuclear and mitochondrial signaling cues in regulating cellular metabolism.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> fCLIP-seq reveals PKR-interacting endogenously expressed dsRNAs </LI> <LI> PKR binds to various noncoding RNAs such as retrotransposons and satellite RNAs </LI> <LI> MtRNAs can form intermolecular dsRNAs and strongly interact with PKR </LI> <LI> MtRNAs can regulate PKR phosphorylation and signaling, especially under stress </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
PKR is activated by cellular dsRNAs during mitosis and acts as a mitotic regulator
Kim, Yoosik,Lee, Jung Hyun,Park, Jong-Eun,Cho, Jun,Yi, Hyerim,Kim, V. Narry Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2014 Genes & development Vol.28 No.12
<P>dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) plays a key role in innate immunity. PKR binds viral dsRNA and undergoes autophosphorylation, which leads to translational repression and signaling pathway modulation in infected cells. Kim et al. now show that PKR is activated during mitosis in uninfected cells. PKR interacts with dsRNAs formed by inverted Alu repeats, which become accessible to PKR during mitosis. Phosphorylated PKR then suppresses translation and coordinates mitosis. This study unveils a novel function of PKR and endogenous dsRNA mitosis in uninfected cells.</P>
Oil drain과 tilting angle간의 상관관계
김유식(Yoosik Kim),김봉조(Bongjo Kim),김대열(Daeyeol Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11
Engine lubrication system is generally affected by vehicle driving conditions, which are composed of acceleration, braking deceleration and cornering. The major reason is due to the oil pan system in which oil is directly influenced by inertia force. On the specific vehicle condition, engine oil is in contact with crankshaft in oil pan system, followed by oil churning phenomenon. The crankcase & head system pressure by oil churning phenomenon are gradual increased. It cause oil pull over phenomenon at engine breather line and oil over-consumption. In order to improve oil reduction and oil pull over phenomenon are also considered in the developing state. For the purpose, experimental test result show that a correlation between engine tilting angle and oil drain was affected by the higher crankcase pressure. The data from present study are available for the engine lubrication system.
ON NON-DISPLACEABLE LAGRANGIAN SUBMANIFOLDS IN TWO-STEP FLAG VARIETIES
Yoosik Kim Korean Mathematical Society 2023 대한수학회지 Vol.60 No.5
We prove that the two-step flag variety 𝓕ℓ(1, n; n+1) carries a non-displaceable and non-monotone Lagrangian Gelfand-Zeitlin fiber diffeomorphic to S<sup>3</sup> × T<sup>2n-4</sup> and a continuum family of non-displaceable Lagrangian Gelfand-Zeitlin torus fibers when n > 2.
Adipocyte culture medium stimulates invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cell via CCL20 production
Kim, Kun-Yong,Baek, Ahmi,Park, Yun S,Park, Mi Y,Kim, Jae H,Lim, Jong-Seok,Lee, Myeong-Sok,Yoon, Suk R,Lee, Hee G,Yoon, Yoosik,Yoon, Do-Young,Yang, Young Spandidos Publications 2009 ONCOLOGY REPORTS Vol.22 No.6
<P>We explored whether adipocyte culture medium affects the secreted chemokine profile of tumor cells, because adipocytes stimulate progression or metastasis of breast cancer cells, and chemokines secreted from tumor cells are involved in these processes. CCL20 expression was dramatically increased, and an NF-kappaB blocker completely inhibited adipocyte culture medium-induced CCL20 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. We showed that adipocyte culture medium increased the production of TNF-alpha in MDA-MB-231 cells, which stimulated CCL20 expression in an autocrine fashion. Our data also showed that CCL20 increased the migration and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells, but did not affect the proliferation of these cells.</P>
Utilizing microRNAs for self-modulating RNA therapy
Yoosik KIM 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that regulate nearly all biological processes through gene silencing. In this context, miRNAs direct RNA-silencing complex (RISC) to mRNAs with complementary sequences in their 3′ UTRs. Herein, we describe a nucleic acid-based nanomaterial (miRNA-trigger) that actively recruits a miRNA to downregulate an mRNA without complementary sequences. Our miRNA-trigger consists of two miRNA-binding sites in tandem, followed by a target-binding region. Introducing miRNA-triggers results in cell-specific downregulation of both a fluorescent transgene and endogenously expressed genes. We apply the miRNA-trigger to induce apoptosis only in cells that express a specific group of miRNAs by directing them to suppress the BCL-2 family genes, both in vitro and in vivo. By directing oncomiRs to repress inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, our miRNA-trigger can provide a key foundation for developing self-modulating RNA therapy.