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Park, Aee-Young,Chae, Yeon-Su,Lee, Seung-Hee,Kaang, Bong-Kiun,Lee, Seonghoon American Chemical Society 2013 The journal of physical chemistry. B, Condensed ma Vol.117 No.17
<P>The structural and functional plasticity of Aplysia mechanosensory presynaptic neurons has been studied in relation with the mechanism underlying learning and memory. Long-term facilitation (LTF), which is a well-known cellular model for long-term memory in Aplysia, is accompanied by new synaptic structural growth or change. We developed a combined atomic force microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope (AFM-CLSM) system integrated with a MATLAB routine for image processing to concurrently obtain high-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) outer-surface morphological images and 3D interior fluorescence images. With our combined AFM-CLSM system, volumetric changes in the presynaptic structures (varicosities) of Aplysia live sensory-motor neuron cocultures were observed. The spatial distribution of synaptic vesicle molecules in the preexisting varicosities was monitored together with a volumetric change in the varicosities. Our combined AFM-CLSM system is successfully adapted for measuring learning-related structural changes and the movement of synaptic molecules in the single live neuron through interaction force and fluorescence imaging.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpcbfk/2013/jpcbfk.2013.117.issue-17/jp3115308/production/images/medium/jp-2012-115308_0007.gif'></P>
Lee Je Seop,Cha Yong Sung,Yeon Seonghoon,Kim Tae Youn,Lee Yoonsuk,Choi Jin-Geul,Cha Kyoung-Chul,Lee Kang Hyun,Kim Hyun 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.18
Background: It is difficult to diagnose patients with poisoning and determine the causative agent in the emergency room. Usually, the diagnosis of such patients is based on their medical history and physical examination findings. We aimed to confirm clinical diagnoses using systematic toxicological analysis (STA) and investigate changes in the diagnosis of poisoning. Methods: The Intoxication Analysis Service was launched in June 2017 at our hospital with the National Forensic Service to diagnose intoxication and identify toxic substances by conducting STA. Data were collected and compared between two time periods: before and after the initiation of the project, i.e., from June 2014 to May 2017 and from June 2017 to May 2020. Results: A total of 492 and 588 patients were enrolled before and after the service, respectively. Among the 588 after-service patients, 446 underwent STA. Among the 492 before-service patients, 69.9% were diagnosed clinically, whereas the causative agent could not be identified in 35 patients. After starting the service, a diagnosis was confirmed in 84.4% of patients by performing a hospital-available toxicological analysis or STA. Among patients diagnosed with poisoning by toxins identified based on history taking, only 83.6% matched the STA results, whereas 8.4% did not report any toxin, including known substances. The substance that the emergency physician suspected after a physical examination was accurate in 49.3% of cases, and 12% of cases were not actually poisoned. In 13.4% of patients who visited the emergency room owing to poisoning of unknown cause, poisoning could be excluded after STA. Poisoning was determined to be the cause of altered mental status in 31.5% of patients for whom the cause could not be determined in the emergency room. Conclusion: A diagnosis may change depending on the STA results of intoxicated patients. Therefore, appropriate STA can increase the accuracy of diagnosis and help in making treatment decisions.
Determination of boldenone in postmortem specimens including blood and urine samples using LC-MS/MS
Park, Meejung,Sim, Juhyun,Jeon, Youngjoon,Yeon, Seonghoon,Lee, Jaesin,In, Sangwhan Elsevier 2019 Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis Vol.169 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Boldenone (BOLD), one of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS), although banned in humans, is still available illegally. AAS abuse has previously been associated with various cardiovascular adverse events including acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and sudden death. In this study, the concentration of BOLD was determined in postmortem specimens from the corpse of a human male who intentionally injected BOLD undecylenate into his shoulder muscle. In addition, the endogenous levels of BOLD in the blood and urine samples of young human males have been reported. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed and validated for the analysis of BOLD in blood, muscular tissue and urine samples. The validation parameters including linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, and recovery were satisfactory. The concentrations of BOLD in the blood of 20 young human males who didn’t take BOLD were under the limit of quantitation (LOQ, 0.5 ng/mL). Additionally, the mean level of BOLD in the urine samples was 3.19 ± 1.65 ng/mL (range: 0.37˜6.02 ng/mL). The concentrations of BOLD in the victim’s blood from the femoral vein and heart were 140.44 and 25.74 ng/mL, respectively. On the other hand, those in the muscular tissue from the injection site and the urine sample were 142.3 ng/g and 3474 ng/mL, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Boldenone is used by athletes, fitness trainer and bodybuilder. </LI> <LI> An LC–MS/MS assay to quantify boldenone in biological specimens was developed. </LI> <LI> This method was applied to postmortem case who injected boldenone in his shoulder. </LI> <LI> Endogenous levels of boldenone in blood and urine samples were determined. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, Hyun Su,Choi, Chansoo,Kim, Chan Hyeong,Han, Min Cheol,Yeom, Yeon Soo,Nguyen, Thang Tat,Kim, Seonghoon,Choi, Sang Hyoun,Lee, Soon Sung,Kim, Jina,Hwang, JinHo,Kang, Youngnam The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2019 방사선방어학회지 Vol.44 No.3
Background: Four-dimensional computed tomographic (4DCT) images are increasingly used in clinic with the growing need to account for the respiratory motion of the patient during radiation treatment. One of the reason s that makes the dose evaluation using 4DCT inaccurate is a change of the patient respiration during the treatment session, i.e., intrafractional uncertainty. Especially, when the amplitude of the patient respiration is greater than the respiration range during the 4DCT acquisition, such an organ motion from the larger respiration is difficult to be represented with the 4DCT. In this paper, the method to generate images expecting the organ motion from a respiration with extended amplitude was proposed and examined. Materials and Methods: We propose a method to generate extra-phase images from a given set of the 4DCT images using deformable image registration (DIR) and linear extrapolation. Deformation vector fields (DVF) are calculated from the given set of images, then extrapolated according to respiratory surrogate. The extra-phase images are generated by applying the extrapolated DVFs to the existing 4DCT images. The proposed method was tested with the 4DCT of a physical 4D phantom. Results and Discussion: The tumor position in the generated extra-phase image was in a good agreement with that in the gold-standard image which is separately acquired, using the same 4DCT machine, with a larger range of respiration. It was also found that we can generate the best quality extra-phase image by using the maximum inhalation phase (T0) and maximum exhalation phase (T50) images for extrapolation. Conclusion: In the present study, a method to construct extra-phase images that represent expanded respiratory motion of the patient has been proposed and tested. The movement of organs from a larger respiration amplitude can be predicted by the proposed method. We believe the method may be utilized for realistic simulation of radiation therapy.
Han, Min Cheol,Seo, Jeong Min,Lee, Se Hyung,Kim, Chan Hyeong,Yeom, Yeon Soo,Nguyen, Thang Tat,Choi, Chansoo,Kim, Seonghoon,Jeong, Jong Hwi,Sohn, Jason W. Professional Technical Group on Nuclear Science 2016 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.63 No.6
<P>We propose a new type of computational phantom, the '4D voxel phantom,' for realistic modeling of continuous respiratory motion in Monte Carlo dose calculation. In this phantom, continuous respiratory motion is realized by linear interpolation of the deformation vector fields (DVFs) between the neighboring original phases in the 4D CT data of a patient and by subsequent application of the DVFs to the phase images or to the reference image to produce multiple inter-phase images between the neighboring original phase images. A 4D voxel phantom is a combination of high-temporal-resolution voxel phantoms and on-the-fly dose registration to the reference phase image. In the course of particle transport simulation, the dose or deposited energy is directly registered to the reference phase image on-the-fly (i.e., after each event) using a DVF for dose registration. In the present study, we investigated two methods-DRP (DIR [deformable image registration] with respect to Reference Phase image) and DNP (DIR with respect to Neighboring original Phase image) - for production of multiple inter-phase images or high-temporal-resolution voxel phantoms. Utilizing these two methods, two 4D voxel phantoms each with 100 phases were produced from the original 10-phase images of the 4D CT data of a real patient in order to compare the two methods and to test the feasibility of the 4D voxel phantom methodology in general. We found that it is possible to produce a 4D voxel phantom very rapidly (i.e., <40 min on a 4-core personal computer for a 100-phase phantom) in a fully automated process. The dose calculation results showed that the constructed 100-phase 4D voxel phantoms provide cumulative-dose distributions very similar to those of the conventional 10-phase approach for stationary proton-beam irradiation. The passing rates of the dose distributions of the 4D voxel phantoms were higher than 99.9% according to the 3% and 3 mm gamma criteria, which results validate the 4D voxel phantom methodology. The point- and dose-tracking analysis data showed that the DRP method, which uses the minimal number of DIR operations but uses inverse DVFs, provides significantly better results than those of the DNP method, which uses only DIR to generate the DVFs for inter-phase image generation and dose registration. The present study also showed that the computation time does not significantly increase when the number of phases in the 4D voxel phantom is increased for more realistic representation of continuous respiratory motion; the only significant increase is in the memory occupancy, which grows almost linearly with the number of phases.</P>