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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Xiaotao Chang (검색결과 3 건)
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Mohamed, Badr A.,Ellis, Naoko,Kim, Chang Soo,Bi, Xiaotao,Emam, Ahmed El-raie Elsevier 2016 Science of the Total Environment Vol.566 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Engineered biochars produced from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of switchgrass have been evaluated in terms of their ability on improving water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fertility of loamy sand soil. The addition of K<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB>, clinoptilolite and/or bentonite as catalysts during the pyrolysis process increased biochar surface area and plant nutrient contents. Adding biochar produced with 10wt.% K<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> +10 wt.% clinoptilolite as catalysts to the soil at 2wt% load increased soil WHC by 98% and 57% compared to the treatments without biochar (control) and with 10wt.% clinoptilolite, respectively. Synergistic effects on increased soil WHC were manifested for biochars produced from combinations of two additives compared to single additive, which may be the result of increased biochar microporosity due to increased microwave heating rate. Biochar produced from microwave catalytic pyrolysis was more efficient in increasing the soil WHC due to its high porosity in comparison with the biochar produced from conventional pyrolysis at the same conditions. The increases in soil CEC varied widely compared to the control soil, ranging from 17 to 220% for the treatments with biochars produced with 10wt% clinoptilolite at 400°C, and 30wt% K<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> at 300°C, respectively. Strong positive correlations also exist among soil WHC with CEC and biochar micropore area. Biochar from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis appears to be a novel approach for producing biochar with high sorption affinity and high CEC. These catalysts remaining in the biochar product would provide essential nutrients for the growth of bioenergy and food crops.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High quality biochar was made by catalytic pyrolysis in a microwave reactor. </LI> <LI> High heating rate and good biochar quality were achieved using K<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> and clinoptilolite mixture. </LI> <LI> Biochars showed significant increase in soil WHC and CEC. </LI> <LI> Microwave catalytic pyrolysis can produce efficient biochar at low temperature (300°C). </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Chen Wei,Wang Siying,Shi Xiaotao,Rheem Chang-Kyu,Lin Yongshui,Liu Erpeng 대한조선학회 2022 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.14 No.1
The Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder with different surface roughness is numerically simulated at a subcritical Reynolds number of 3900. The effects of surface roughness on the vibration response amplitude, hydrodynamic coefficients and wake vortex are analyzed. The results show that as surface roughness increases, four branches (initial, upper, super-upper and lower branches) appear in the VIV response for a smooth cylinder, and for a cylinder with a small surface roughness of KS=D ¼ 2:5 103 , this response changes to three branches (initial, upper and lower branches). The vortex shedding for the initial and lower branches is 2S mode, and that for the upper and super-upper branches (lock-in range) is P þ S, PþSþ and 2P modes. With increasing surface roughness, the maximum amplitude has little difference, and the width of the lock-in range increases. A large jump in the vortex phase at the transition of the initial and upper branches and a large jump in the total lift phase at the transition of the upper and lower branches are found, and these jumps are associated with a switch in the timing of vortex shedding (jump of the vortex phase: 2S mode to P þ S mode; jump of the lift phase: other modes to 2S mode). The results are significant for the development of flow and vibration control technology.
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Jinyun Guo,Wang Li,Xin Liu,Jianbo Wang,Xiaotao Chang,Chunmei Zhao 한국지질과학협의회 2015 Geosciences Journal Vol.19 No.4
To investigate the coupling relationship between earthquake and ionosphere perturbation, we process the global total electron contents (TECs) estimated from GPS data of IGS stations by CODE and analyze TEC anomalies before MW 8.6 Sumatra earthquake and MW 6.7 Mexico earthquake on April 11, 2012. The sliding interquartile method with the sliding window of 27 days is used to process data of SSN, F10.7 solar flux, Dst and Kp to eliminate the effects of solar activity and the geomagnetic activity. The results show that there are positive and negative TEC anomalies over epicenter on the 11th day and the 3rd day prior to the Sumatran earthquake respectively. But the decrement and increment of TEC anomalies over epicenter occurred on the 11th day and the 3rd day prior to the Mexico earthquake. The global TEC anomalies are analyzed on the 11th day and the 3rd day before these two great earthquakes, respectively. The magnitudes of TEC anomaly occurred on the 3rd day before earthquakes are larger than that occurred on the 11th day before earthquakes. This indicates the magnitude of anomaly may be related to the number of days prior to earthquake. But the magnitude of TEC anomaly near Sumatran is lower than that near Mexico, and the duration of anomalies occurred on 11th day is longer than those on 3rd day prior to earthquake, which are different from previous results. The TEC anomaly of Sumatran earthquake mainly occurs in the afternoon and night local time, but the TEC anomaly of Mexico earthquake mainly occurs in the morning local time. The TEC anomaly peak regions before these two earthquakes appeared on the south of epicenters instead of the vertical projection of the epicenter. Corresponding ionospheric anomalies are also observed in the magnetically conjugated regions. These can be guidance for the ionosphere monitoring in earthquake study.
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