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Synthesis Backbone-Dual-Responsive of Hyperbranched Poly(bis(N,N-ethyl acrylamide))s By RAFT
Yonggang Wu,Libin Bai,Guang Li,Wenliang Li,Sujuan Wang,Xinwu Ba,Guoqiang Zhou,Hongchi Zhao 한국고분자학회 2014 Macromolecular Research Vol.22 No.11
Hyperbranched poly(bis(N,N-ethyl acrylamide))s (HPNAMs) with many vinyls as terminal groups weresynthesized successfully using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). Detailedanalyses, based on the molecular weight, α value, degree of branching (DB), and lower critical solution temperature (LCST)obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), multi detector-size exclusion chromatography (MDSEC), ultravioletvisible(UV-vis) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS), indicate that we acquired backbone-temperatureand pH responsive HPNAM. Factors, such as DB, molecular weight, and pH value, that affect the LCST were investigated. It was found that the molecular weights of the hyperbranched polymers show significant influence on the LCSTs. For the HPNAMs with low molecular weight, the LCSTs decreased as the DB increased, and the LCSTs can also beadjusted by changing the pH value of solutions. Furthermore, the result of cell cytotoxicity indicates that this new dualresponsive hyperbranched polymer has low cytotoxicity and exhibits potential for biomedical applications.
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Liu Na,Feng Yuchen,Liu Huicheng,Wu Wenliang,Liang Yuxia,Li Pingfei,Wei Zhengping,Wu Min,Tang Zhao-Hui,Han Junyan,Cheng Xiang,Liu Zheng,Laurence Arian,Li Huabin,Zhen Guohua,Yang Xiang-Ping 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.3
Purpose Macrophages are important regulators of environmental allergen-induced airway inflammation and asthma. ATP6V0d2 is a subunit of vacuolar ATPase highly expressed in macrophages. However, the functions of ATP6V0d2 in the regulation of pathogenesis of allergic asthma remain unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the function and related molecular mechanisms of macrophage protein ATP6V0d2 in allergic asthma. Methods We compared the disease severity between female C57BL/6 wild-type and ATP6V0d2−/− mice in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. We also investigated the association of expression of ATP6V0d2, PU.1 and CCL17 with disease severity among asthmatic patients. Results The expression of ATP6V0d2 in sputum cells of asthmatic patients and in the lungs of OVA-challenged mice was enhanced compared to healthy subjects and their counterparts, respectively. However, ATP6V0d2-deficient mice exaggerated inflammatory cell infiltration as well as enhanced alternative activated macrophage (AAM) polarization and mucus production in an OVA-induced asthma model. Furthermore, we found that Atp6v0d2 promoted lysosomal degradation of Pu.1, which induced AAM polarization and Ccl17 production. Among asthma patients, ATP6V0d2 expression was inversely associated with disease severity, whereas PU.1 and CCL17 expression was positively associated with disease severity. Conclusions Our results identify macrophage Atp6v0d2, as an induced feedback inhibitor of asthma disease severity by promoting Pu.1 lysosomal degradation, which may in turn leads to reduced AAM polarization and Ccl17 production.
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