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Lee,Wonhoon,Lee, S.-M.,Kim, C.-S.,Choi, H.-S.,Akimoto, S.-I.,Lee, K.-Y.,Lee, G.-S. Florida Entomological Society 2014 FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST Vol.97 No.1
Field surveys for the Bemisia tabaci complex were conducted from 2009 to 2013 in Korea, and the results were compared with published data of the B. tabaci complex. Three species, MED, MEAM1, and JpL, were collected from several provinces. The MED was mainly collected in greenhouses, displacing the earlier invasive species, MEAM1, and the JpL species was collected in the field. JpL is newly confirmed as a unique species of B. tabaci species complex in Korea and Japan.
Wonhoon Lee,Seunghwan Lee,Gwan-Seok Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04
Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important insect pests in the world. In the present study, the taxonomic status of B. tabaci and the number of species composing the B. tabaci complex were determined based on 1,059 COI sequences of B. tabaci and 509 COI sequences of 153 hemipteran species. The genetic divergence within B. tabaci was conspicuously higher (on average, 11.1%) than interspecific genetic divergence within the respective genera of the 153 species (on average, 6.5%). This result indicates that B. tabaci is composed of multiple species that may belong to different genera or subfamilies. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on 212 COI sequences without duplications revealed that the B. tabaci complex is composed of a total of 31 putative species, including a new species, JpL. However, genetic divergence within six species (Asia II 1, Asia II 7, Australia, Mediterranean, New World, and Sub Saharan Africa 1) was higher than 3.5%, which has been used as a threshold of species boundaries within the B. tabaci complex. These results suggest that it is necessary to increase the threshold for species boundaries up to 4% to distinguish the constituent species in the B. tabaci complex.
Wonhoon Lee,Jong-Ho Lee,Heungsik Lee,Ki-JeongHong 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04
Interception data pertaining to Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera collected at the Korean quarantine border were cross-checked with incursion data from 1996–2014. Overall, 114,636 interception records of 1,075 species belonging to the six orders were detected, while 33 species were confirmed as incursion species in Korea. Among the 33 species, only 14 (42.42%) were recorded as being intercepted at the quarantine border. These results indicate recent incursion species in Korea are not subject to inspection at Korean border. Among the 33 incursion species, 30 (90.90%) are agricultural pests, and 10 species (30.30%) are Hemiptera. Two factors, green house cultivation and parthenogenesis of exotic species, are suggested as reasons for successfully mounting an incursion into Korea. Taken together, the results of this study revealed that border inspections do not provide useful information to protect against occurrences of exotic species incursion and the current quarantine system needs improvement. In addition, it is necessary to consider how interception data might be collected in the future to improve its predictive power with respect to predicting incursion risk.
Wonhoon Lee,Jieun Lee,Taeseon Lee,Hong Yul Seo,Minho Lee,Seunghwan Lee,Ki-Jeong Hong 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04
Cinara (Cinara) cedri cedri Mimeur, 1936 is extensively distributed in Europe (France, Italy, Spain, and UK), North Africa (Morocco and Algeria), North America (California and New York), South America (Argentina), Middle East (Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey), and Asia (China). Recently, this species was also invaded into China. In 2018, C. (Cinara) cedri cedri was firstly discovered on one plant, Cedrus deodara, in Korea. In this study, we provide full redescription in detail.
Cryptic diversity in the subfamily Calaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) uncovered by DNA barcoding
Yerim Lee,Wonhoon Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04
Generally, in aphid groups, taxonomically deficient characters and high level of morphological plasticity induced by environmental factors make difficulties for species identification. To solve these problems, DNA barcoding has been widely used for rapid and reliable species identification in aphids. The subfamily Calaphidinae is the second largest group in the family Aphididae with about 400 species belong to 59 genera. But so far, no trial of DNA barcoding has been conducted for the subfamily Calaphidinae. In this study, a total of 446 Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences of 76 morphospecies collected in Korea and other countries were analyzed to detect cryptic diversity. In addition, 551 sequences of 74 species from the Genbank and BOLD system were compared with our new dataset. The final dataset consisted of 998 sequences of 115 species. As a results, we propose 12 cryptic species with discussion on morphological and ecological comparisons. Our results suggest that DNA barcoding is effective for precise species identification in this group and contributes to reveal hidden diversity.
DNA barcoding of the stem borer, Stathmopoda spp. (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae)
Sora Kim,Wonhoon Lee,Yerim Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
The mitochondrial COI gene has proven successful for identifying the lepidopteran species. In addition, this gene has been applied to recognize cryptic species and confirm a polyphagous species as one species. However, it has been also reported misidentification in the COI gene. As a result, some researchers have suggested the use of additional genes in species identification, especially, nuclear genes. In this study, we observed that a nuclear EF1agene is better than the mitochondrial COI gene in recognizing Stathmopoda species. For example, among the all species, 47 individuals of nine species, a large intraspecific pairwise difference were detected, up to 15.0% in universal barcoding regions of the COI gene, 22.0% in other part of the COI gene; however, 2.0% in EF1a. In contrast, Stathmopoda sp2 and S. commoda were separated into several clusters in each different COI regions, and some individuals of S. auriferella and S. commoda, were closer to each other separating from the cluster of the same species. But, we get clear results from the EF1a, Stathmopoda species well clustered and could be distinguished.
Wonhoon Lee,Gwan-Seok Lee,Shin-Ichi Akimotoa 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
The mitochondrial COI gene has often been utilized as a molecular marker for species identification. However, it has sometimes caused misidentification for some pairs of closely related species. For detecting complementary barcoding loci, we first screened candidate genes by calculating genetic distances within and between species based on 542 sequences collected from the Genbank by using aphids of the Eriosomatini as an example. Of eight genes analyzed, we selected the ATP6 and ATP8 genes, which exhibited lower intraspecific and higher interspecific genetic divergences than did the COI gene. Secondly, we tested the usefulness of these genes by calculating genetic distances between all the combinations of 44 individuals of 23 eriosomatine species for each of the ATP6, ATP8, and COI genes. In the ATP8 gene, the average intraspecific divergence was lowest (0.6%) and the average interspecific divergence was highest (14.7%). The ATP8 gene evolved more rapidly than did the COI gene if genetic divergence between individuals was sufficiently large, whereas it evolved more slowly than did COI if genetic divergence was less than a threshold (1% in COI distance). As a result, species with intraspecific variation in COI and ATP6 exhibited no genetic variation in ATP8. The pattern of genetic divergence in ATP8 well accorded with the pattern of species delimitation in the present taxonomic system. Thus, we conclude that the use of the ATP8 gene in DNA barcoding could improve the accuracy of species identification in the Eriosomatini and possibly other insect groups.
Unexpected problem in Aphid DNA barcoding by universal primers
Wonhoon LEE,Seunghwan LEE 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05
DNA barcode (mitochondrial COI) has been widely attempted for species identification of many animal groups including aphids. In this study, we newly found a DNA barcoding problem in a case study of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. Unexpectedly, five S. avenae individuals showed considerable differences of, on average, 32.6% in the DNA sequences from other conspecific individuals. BLAST search revealed that the five sequences are similar to those of aphid parasitoids such as Aphidius, Ephedrus, and Praon spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Based on these results, we concluded that the universal primers used in aphid DNA barcodes can amplify barcode sequences from parasitoid species within host aphids.
Lee, Wonhoon,Lee, Yerim,Kim, Hyojoong,Akimoto, Shin-Ichi,Lee, Seunghwan 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3
The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene has been utilized as a molecular marker for aphid species identification. However, this gene has sometimes resulted in misidentification because of low interspecific genetic divergences between some species pairs. In this study, to propose new molecular markers for the family Aphididae, we first screened 2289 sequences of 11 genes (COI, COII, CytB, ATP6, lrRNA, srRNA, ITS1, ITS2, EF1a, 18S, and 28S) collected from the GenBank. Among the 11 genes, ATP6 gene revealed the largest genetic divergence among congeneric species with the smallest divergence among conspecific individuals; in contrast, species pairs with low genetic divergences (<1%) were not observed. Secondly, for statistically testing the usefulness of ATP6 gene in species identification, we analyzed genetic distances between all of the combinations of 32 individuals of 20 species for both COI and ATP6 genes. The ATP6 gene showed lower intraspecific (on average 0.08%) and higher interspecific (on average 8.28%) genetic distances than the COI gene (on average 0.19% and 6.24%, respectively) for the same pairs of individuals. This study corroborates the usefulness of the ATP6 gene as a new molecular marker that could improve the misidentification problems that are inherent with the COI gene.