Konkrete Poesie und expressionistische. Kunst. (Post)Modernistische Aspekte zur Medienverflechtung

Koh, Wee-Kong 弘益大學校 人文科學硏究所 2005 人文科學 Vol.13 No.-

구체시와 표현주의 예술은 서로다른 시대의 예술장르이면서도 비교연구의 가치를 지닌다. 이는 양자가 매체융합의 표현양식 실현으로 모더니즘과 포스트모더니즘 예술형성에 지대한 영향력을 행사하였기 때문이다. 그러나 상세히 관찰해보면 양자사이에는 예술이념, 재료사용, 미학적 효능 등의 면에서 상당한 거리가 있다. 이는 무엇보다 구체성과 추상성이라는 대표개념에서 나타난다. 유사한 시기에 생성되어 발전된 두 양식수법은 „대상성으로부터의 이탈" 이라는 시학원리에서 공통되나 그 구체적 실현방법은 같지않다. 후자가 매체사용의 추상화를 통해 주관적 내면심층의 환상이나 어떤 다른 감추어진 대상성을 표현하려 한다면, 전자는 언어기호의 질료화로 스스로의 대상세계를 창출한다. 따라서 양자에서 추출되는 텍스트의미성은 동일하지않다. Kandinsky의 대표적 추상화 „구성 7(Komposition VII)" 과 Gomringer의 텍스트 „침묵(Schweigen)"을 대비해보자. 기하학적, 구성적 수법을 활용한 전자에서는 대상적 지시성이 완전히 배제되지않는다. 그 표현세계는 생성과 종말의 차원에서 „우주창조의 은유"로 해석된다. 이러한 굴절된 형상조음은 후자의 기호시각화에서는 찾아보기 어렵다. 동일단어의 반복배열과 그로인한 서정시의 도식화는 청각적 침묵의 이미지를 „도상화" 시킴으로써 새로운 지각작용에 호소한다. 여기에서의 침묵은 상징적 의미가 아니라 다원적 기능을 발휘한다. 이러한 현상은 오늘날의 다매체예술에서 발견된다. 구체시와 표현주의 넓게보아 현대예술의 모더니티를 생성, 발전시킨 두 축이다. 양자는 추상화와 구체화라는 양식혁신을 통해 „재현"과 „모방"이라는 종전의 표현법칙으로는 도달할 수 없는 새로운 표현가능성을 개진하였다. 특히 서로다른 개별매체의 통합과 교체를 통해 생산과 수용의 유희공간을 넓히고 독자와 관찰자의 지각행위를 포괄하는 매체미학의 지평을 열어주었다. 이로인해 현대예술은 „언어갱신"이라는 세기적 목표를 구현하며 신매체의 등장으로 인한 예술의 매체화작업에 대처할 통로를 마련하게된다. 개별장르 해체로 인한 이러한 예술의 보편화작업은 그러나 아방가르드와 포스트모더니즘의 전유물이 아니라 르네상스, 바로크, 그리고 낭만주의 시대에 개화한 바 있다. 나아가 모든 예술을 하나로 보는 예술생성의 원천에 닿아있다. 혼합장르나 매체교체 현상은 인류의 장구한 예술, 특히 작품발달사를 관류해온 기본적 „표현의지" 이다. 이런 점에서 상호매체성미학은 전통과 현대의 아우름에서 합당하게 파악 될 수 있다.

요대의 발해유민 연구

김위현(KIM Wee-hoyun) 고구려발해학회 2007 고구려발해연구 Vol.29 No.-

I am trying to point out the contents and errors of Some scholars of the peoples Republic of china from araund of 2000. First of all, I want to indicate the thesis framing. First, even though it was supposed to use the historical materials widely, they didn't use other Ones except their own materials. Even they sometimes did not use their own Ones either. Second, the results of predecessors should be exalted nevertheless what country they were belonged to. However they often ignored even their own ancestors' research results. Even though it is hard to collect various data, they shouldn't have given up easily. Third, considering illogical contents as the logics is absolutely discord. What are the troubles then? 1. The point of view for Dongran (東丹)'s characteristic. Whether it was country or administrative region. Dongran named theirselves as One administrative region and they also had own economical and political systems. If Dongran was One of the administrative regions, it would not be allowed to do above things. Furthermore, they are looking me negotiation with Late Tang as a diplomacy, but it is error from ignoring the existence of Late Palhae. 2. Existence of Late Palhae? It already had been proved by Japanese Watasei(和田淸) in 1916. Furthermore, Japanese Hino Kaijabro(日野開三郞)(in 1941), Korean Lee Yong-Bum(1981), Kim Wee-Hoyun(l981), and Han Gyu-Chul(l995) had reinforced it. 3. Is culture of Palhae from only T ang culture(唐文化) and contact with Han people(漢人)? Of course there are some cultures that are from contact of Tang cultures and Han people. However the root things are from Koguryo. Most residents of Palhae were from Koguryo, therefore it is really illogical that Palhae residents threw away their own cultures, the cultures of Koguryo, and accepted Tang's cultre. 4. Are Palhae and Jurchen the same race(同族)? Jurchen is the name of whole sundry races that lived around Manmong liver(滿蒙). Palhae displaced person(渤海遺民) were also called as Jurchen after Chitan Middle age. Also Wan-yen Bu(完顔部) that built chin(金) is the remaining of Silla(新羅). Therefore, Palhae and Jurchen are not the same races. 5. They presented population of Palhae as about 7~800,000. However Shin Hyung-Sik in Republic of Korea saw that it was 1,300,000, and Jang Jong-Gook in The Democratic peoples Republic of Korea calculated it 5,000,000~6,000,000. The differences are too big. They need even more accurate data providing. 6. We are disagree to the opinion that after ruins of Palhae, the Palhae people had been joined to One of 8 races of Hanjok Then, they should prove how they got new name after 700 years. Palhae people took the big role in founding Chin(金) and Chin's politics. Not only that, the existence also remains in Yan(元) country. We want to know why they had been not united during Chin(Jurchen), Yuan(Mongol), and Ching(Man-Chu) age, but the had been to only Hanjok. As you see there are so many problems that makes hard to agree. If we and they researched and investigated the exact same data that from exactly same literature, the results must be same. If not, it is considered as non-scientific and not object research. Current Chinese scholars' assertion that past four countries' history is China's history because current China territory is covering those four past countries territory is absolutely not acceptable.

백두산의 야생화

姜衛遠 慶一大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

백두산의 생태계는 세계적으로 보존이 잘 되어있는 대표적인 곳이며 그 곳에는 수많은 야생화들이 6월과 8월 사이에 피고 있다. 이러한 백두산의 야생화를 생태학 쪽에서 접근하지 않고 미학적으로 접근하였다. 얕은 피사계심도를 활용하여 야생화를 강조하고 주변을 소거하여 공간감이 넘치도록 표현하였고 꽃과 배경이 조화를 이루면서 생명체의 유기적인 곡선미로써 자연스럽게 표현하였다. 그리고 색 포화도가 충실하도록 표현하여 꽃이 지닌 색의 아름다움을 강조하였다. 이 작업의 결과로 한민족의 영산인 백두산에 서석하는 야생화들의 생장 환경과 그 가혹한 기상조건에서 생존하고 있는 그 강인한 생명력을 발견하였고, 그것을 우리 민족과 연관시켜 Equivalent의 개념으로 생각하고 한국적인 시각으로 표현하는 계기가 되었다. The aberage temperature at the top of Mt. Paekdusan is much lower than that of the South Pole region. And area is covered with white snow for 9 months a year and it rains or snows for about 115-210 days a year. Even in summer, strong wind always blows in the mountain side and it hails from time to time. So the plants in that area can not survive under the weather condition. But the moss and fertile soil of primitive forest in Mt. Paekdusan absorbs the water and nutrient and enables the various plants to survive and protects the seeds of wild flowers. Thick snow which covers the soil also protects the wild flowers from severe cold and strong wind. For this reason, the wild flowers in Mt. Paekdusan blossoms exclusively between June and autumn regardless of season. Therfore, tourists who visit there at this time of a year always see the full-bloomed wild flowers. Photograph is a kind of hieroglyphic character which has the function of communication. I approached the which grows in Mt, Paekdusan area from the view of Korean. And I focused the concept about the perseverance of wild flowers from the aesthetic view of Equivalent. The ecosystem in Mt. Paekdusan area is more completely preserved than any other area in the world. And the perseverance of wild flowers symbolizes the history of our nation and suggests much meaning to us.

敎職科 學生의 Typology와 性格特徵

陳渭敎 慶北大學校 文理科大學 1974 文理學叢 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of the present study was to analyse and assess the typology and such pesonality characteristics as teacher attitude an personality adjustment of the student group preparing for teaching profession at liberal arts and science colleges. The subjects in this study consisted of a total of 361 (male 167, female 194) sampled from a provincial National University and a private college students. The instrument used in the study was a translated, revised and excerpted form of College Student Questionnaire (CSQ) developed by Peterson (1969), and this questionnaire was derived from the Clark-Trow model of student typology (each student's philosophy of higher education). Such student typology was calssified as Vocational. Academic, Collegiate and Nonconformist type or philosophy. The second instrument was a Korean version of the Minnesota Teacher Atittude Inventory (MATI), and the third the Korean version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The main findings of the present study were as follow; 1. The rank order of four student typologies among the subject group was Academic (35.3%)-Collegiate(34.5%)-Vocational (22.4%)-Nonconformist (7.8%). It was seen that the students preparing for teaching profession were relatively less vocationally oriented. 2. From the results of a diagnostic analysis of teacher atittude, the percentile standings of the respondent's atittude were 54.0% (25∼75% ile), 38.9%(0∼24% ile), and 7.1% (75∼100% ile). Therefore, the students who holding average atittudinal tendency were largest among the subjects. 3. The result of an assessment of personality adjustment by the MMPI has shown that the subject students preparing for teaching profession were altogether normal range, that is, they are relatively healthy in personality adjustment

DSP 프로세서를 이용한 유압 서보시스템의 퍼지제어

愼瑋縡,金孝烈 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.-

본 연구에서는 DSP프로세서를 이용한 퍼지제어기를 설계하였다. 퍼지제어기는 플랜트의 오차와 오차의 변화분으로써 출력이 결정되며 신경망 보상기는 퍼지제어기의 출력과 플랜트의 출력과 플랜트 출력의 변화분으로서 출력이 주어진다. 신경망 보상기의 학습 신호는 플랜트 출력의 변화분을 2차 미분한 결과로부터 생성하며 학습시 신경망의 입력으로 퍼지제어기의 출력과 플랜트의 변화와 플랜트의 오차를 사용한다. 그리고 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 확인하기 위해 비선형 유압 서보시스템을 대상으로 DSP 프로세서를 사용하여 구현한 후 실험결과를 관찰하였다. In this paper, a Fuzzy controller using DSP processor which has the function of compensating for the output of the controller has been proposed. The proposed controller is base on a general Fuzzy Controller. The learning signal of a Neural Network Compensator was obtained from the results of the second order derivative of the Plant output change. The output value of the general Fuzzy Controller was determined by means of plant error and the error change. The output of the Neural Network Compensator was consisted of the output of fuzzy controller, the plant output and the output change. When it is learning, the input of the Neural Network is the output of the Fuzzy Controller, the plant error and the error change. We implemented the control system using the DSP processor and applied the system in a nonlinear hydraulic servo system.

문예학(Literaturwissenschaft)의 대상규정과 문예학적 인식의 문제 : -Zur literatirwossecschaftlichen Prinzipienlehre- -문예학적 인식의 문제-

高委恭 弘益大學校 1980 弘大論叢 Vol.12 No.-

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Problem der Prinzipienlehre der Literaturwissenschaft behandelt. Es betrifft zwei Grundfragen, namlich die nach der Gegenstandsbestimmung der Literaturwissenschaft und die nach der literaturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis. Nach dem einleitenden Kapitel, das das grundsatzliche Problem der 'Wissenschaftlichkeit' der literarischen Forschung aufwirft, wird im ersten Teil abgehandelt, wie der GEgenstand der Literaturwissenschaft definiert werden kann. Dabei geht es zunachst darum, wie sich das litersrische Werk vom nichtliterarischen abgrenzen laβt. Das wichtigste Unterscheidungskriterium hier ist nicht etwa der asthetische Wert eines Werkes, sondern seine sparchkunstlerische Eigenschaft. Darum betonen die meisten bedeutendsten Literaturthioretiker immer den spezifischen Charakter der Sprachdunst; Kayser etwa den 'Gefugecharakter' des Sprachkunstwerkes, Barthes 'message connote' und Pollmann die 'Sellbstzuordnung' der Sprache. Pollmann und Wehrli benutzen bei der Abgrenzung literarischer von nichtliterarischer Phanomenen das Bild eines konzentrischen Kreissystems, um die graduellen Ubergange der verschiedenen sprachilchen Aussageweisen sichtbar zu machen, wobei die verschiedenen Spharen jeweils als (Sprache), Literature ('Basis von Literatur'), Schone Literatur und Poesie (Dichtung) bezeichnet werden. Hier handelt es sich besonders um die Form der essayistische Prosa, wleche zur 'Basis von Literatur' gehort und in der gegenwartigen Literaturwissenschaft zunehmende Achtung findet, so daβ man ihr den Platz eines vierten Typus der literarischen Gattung (auβer Epik, Lyrik und Dramatik) einraumen mochte. Weidle will jedoch lediglich jene Texte, deren Aussageweisen wesentlich 'mimetisch' (im Gegensatz zu 'signitiv') sind, dem literarischen Werk zuordnen. Man darf nicht ubergenhen, daβ das Problem der Genenstandsbestimmung der literaturwissenschaft von der Entwicklung der Teste, den hisorisch-sozialen Verhaltnissen und von den literaturwissenschaftlichen Methoden nicht unabhangig ist. Im zweiten Abschnitt hardelt es sich darun, wie das literarische Werk definiert werden kann. Im Grunde besteht es nicht als ein einfaches Gebilde, sondern als sehr viefaltig kompliziertes. Kayser, G. Muller und Wellek-Warren sprechen alle vom mehrscaichtigen Gefuge. Ingarden sagt, daβ das literarische Werk aus einzelnen geterogenen, jedoch zusammenwirkenden Schichten aufgebaut sei. Wellek-Warren gehen in igrem Buch 'Theorie der Literatur' von dieser Einsicht aus und nennen zur Analyse von Einzelkunstwerken folgende Grundelemente: Lautxhicht, Bedeutungseinheiten (Stil), Bild und Metapher, Symbol(Mythos), usw. Andererseits bildet die Struktur des Kunstwerkes doch eine einheitliche Ganzheit. Wellek-Warren vezeichnen das literarische Werk als "ein Normensystem von idealen Begriffen, die intersubjektiv sind". Strelka faβt diesen wesentlichen Charakter des Sprachkuunstwerkes mit dem Begriff Symbol zusammen, wobei er zwischen dem reinen signitiven Zeichen ('Monozeichen') und dem Trager dichterischen Siens ('Plurizeichen') unterscheidet. Der Wert des dichterischen Symbol liegt, nach ihm, keineswegs in seiner Zweckbestimmtheit, sondern ist als asthetischer Wert ein Wert an sich. Schlieβlich beschreibt Strelka das literarische Werk als "seinsheteronomes asthetisches Phanomen". Kurz gesagt, stellt der Aspekt des Gefugecharakters die analytische Perspedtive des literarischen Kunstwerkes dar, wahrend der Symbolcharakter fur die synthetische perspektive steht. Fur eine litersturwissenschaftliche Arbeit sind beide Aspekte von Wichtigkeit. Derzweite Teil befaβt sich mit dem Problem des litersturwissenschaftlichen Erkennens. Es ist von der Philosophie, asthetik und Litersturwissenschaft immer wieder aufgeworgen worden, ob es eine eigene, dem literarischenen Kunstwerk adaquart Erkenntnis-weise gibt oder nicht. Allgemein gesagt, existieren hier zwei gegensatzliche Grundhal-tungen: die erste ist positivisische orientierte Erkenntnisweise, whlche die naturwissen-schaftlichen Methoden unmittelbar auf Literaturwissenshcaft ubertagen will, und die letzte eine irrational-intutitive, whelche, von der Hermeneutik Diltheys ausgehen, danach trachtet, meisten Literaturwissenschaftler unterstreichen jedoch kie Notwendigkeit eines Doppeias-pektes der literaturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntinsweisen. so spricht Pollmann von Feststellungs und Deutakt, wobei er betont, daβ bei dem letzteren ein besonderes kunstlerisches Einfuhlungsvermogen wesentliche Rolle spielt. Die grundlegenden Beitrage zum Erkennen des literarischen Werkes haben bisher Hermeneutik und Phanomenologie geleistet. Der hermeneutischen Erkentnisweise liegt das Verfahren des 'hermeneutixhen Zirkels' zugrunde. Als 'philologischer Zirkel' beinhaltet er, nach der Seite des Erkenntnisobjekts hin, die Darlegung, wie das Einzelne aus dem zugehorigen Ganzen, das Ganze aber wiederum aus dem Einzelnen zu verstehen sei. Als 'Zirkel der Geschichttlichkeit des Verstehens'umfaβt er, nach der Seite des Erkenntnis-subjekts hin, das Problem des Verstehens in den geschichtlichen Erkenntnixzusammen-hang des Subjekts hinein. Stutzend auf die Phanomenologie Husserls, whlche die Korrela-tivitat zwischen der Erkenntnisweise und dem Erkenntnisgegenstand aufzeigt, akzentuiert Ingarden die aktivtatige Funktion des Erkennthisaktes. Er kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daβ das Erkennen des literarischen Kunstwerkes ein komplexer akt sei, der sich aus drei Abwandlungen zusammensetzt: aus em vorasthetischen Erkennen, dem asthetischen Erleben und dem Erkennen dieser konkretion. Neue Ansatze und Versuche in der letzzten Zeit haben zu den epistemologischen Problemen der Literaturwissenschaft gewisse Beitrage geleistet. Davon ist vor allem die rezeptionsgeschichtliche Schule zu erwahnen. Das Zentrum der Ideen von Jauβ, dem Begrunder dieser Schule, bildet die "hermeneutische Differenz zwischen dem einstigen und dem heutigen Verstandnis des Werkes", wobei der Erwartungshorizont des jeweiligen Lesers eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Die epistemologische Theorie von Jauβ wrude von Iser vorangetrieben. Sein Hauptinteresse liegt auf dem durch Konkretisierung konstituierten asthetischen Gegenstand. Das zentrale Anliegen von Isers Theorie ist die 'Leerstellen', welche durch den Rezipienten zu erfullen seien. Spater modifiziert er seine fruhere Idee und zieht bei der Wirkung des Werkes die Interaktion von Text und Leser in Betracht. Ohne Zwiefel legt Iser mehr Gewicht auf den Konkretisierungsvorgang des Werkes als Ingarden. Man darf aber nicht vergessen, daβ, wie schlicht es auch klingen mag, der eigentliche Gegenstand der Literaturwissendschaft das literarische Kunswerk ist.

敎室授業 改善을 위한 授業時間 活用의 方略

陳渭敎,金鎭奎 慶北大學校 師範大學 1986 敎育硏究誌 Vol.28 No.-

The purposes of the present investigation were: (1) to testify the basic assumption that instructional time variables take an important part in classroom instruction from many instructional models regarding time as an instructional variable; (2) to analyze related researches on allocated time in classroom instruction; and (3) to review other researches on time-on-task in classroom instruction. In many instructional models, such as Carroll (1963), Bloom (1968, 1976), Wiley & Harnischfeger (1974, 1976, 1978), Cooley & Lohnes (1976), Bennett (1978), Leihardt (1980), Fisher, et al. (1980), Centra & Potter (1980), Cooley & Leinhardt (1980), and Walberg (1981, 1984), we found that they regarded time as an instructional process variables or a tool of instructional evaluation. We examined that allocated time a relatively fixed or stable variable, but the variability in allocated time was very large for all studies. We also found that the amount of time allocated by teachers to instruction in a particular content area was positively connected with achievement in that content area. Studies of time-on-task showed that the percentage of time engaged was highly related to achevement, and that time-on-task could be altered positively (or negatively) by the instructional process Therefore, the conclusion is that time-on-task could be used as a useful variable for learning. We are concluding that this paper is presented especially for researcher, school administrators, and teachers with a few comments about implications of the instructional time variable. First, researchers should develop the optimal models for the instructional time management and the reliable instruments for the systematic observation and measurement on instructional time. Second, school administrators should establish and implement the efficient instructional time management at a school unit. Third, classroom teachers should recognize the importance of instructional time management process, and improve quality of their instrction by their own observation, analysis, and feedback about their instructional time.

契丹의 敎育과 科擧制度考

金渭顯 명지대학교 明大論文集 Vol.17 No.-

Records on the schools are shown in the Liaoshih(遼史). The schools of Ch'i-tan(契丹)having modelled after the Chineses system, it is assumed that the curriculum and system of the schools in Chi-tan might have been much similar to those of the Tang(唐) Dynasty. The schools are recorded to have been established in the Central cities and countries; there were Gwozijian(國子監) in Shang-Ching(上京) and Choug-Ching(中京), Chingxue(京學) in five Ching(京), Fuxue(府學) in Fu(府), Jouxue(州學) in Jou(州) and Hstenxue(縣學) in Shien(縣). Actually, however, the shools are shown to have been partially extablished. Gwozijian consisted of Jihjeou(祭酒), syyeh(同業), Jiancherng(監丞), Juubuh(主簿) etc. which managed the schools, and the Shang-Ching Gwozijian, Chung-Ching Gwozijian, Chingxue, and-Fuxue, Chouxue, and Hsienxue had Borsyh(博士) Juhjiow(助敎) who taught the school. As the schools developed and accordingly even the ordinary people as well as the scholars tended to be deeply interested in studies, the culture of Liao Dynasty reached high level; emperors established schools and a mausoleum of Confucius in several places as exemplary models, exerting themselves to the publication of the Confucian classics. This seems to have been aiming at rationalizing the adoption of Chinese hereditary system at the time of the Taitzuu(太祖) in place of the Khan(汗) system by turns, and later, at cultivating Chinese officials and at indoctrinating the loyalty to the King through education. There is no Sheuanjeujyh(擧志) in the Liao Shih. But some of the contents are recorded to some extent in the Beenjih(本紀) of Liehchwan(列傳). The examination of chin-shih(進士) was not for Ch'i-tan. as a means to employ Chinese, this was used to select elites from the scholars as well as ordinary people else than Ch'i-tans. Therefore, Ch'i-tans were employed by Shih-hsuan(世選) System(a sort of hereditary system) and prevented even from applicating for the examination. By literature, the Chin-Shih examination was begun in the beginning of Huey Torng(會同) when Shih Fang(室昉), a Namkyongian was known to have passed the Chin-shih exam for the first time. Obviously, in the beginning of the nation. there seems to have been paid hardly any attention to the Civil Exam system, and it was only after T'ai-tsung(太宗) had interfered with the Late Jin(後晉) that the Civil Exam system was attended to. There were three steps of examination of Hsiang(鄕), Fu(府), and she^ng(省), in which Shy(詩) and Fuh(賦) were tested. The examination was originally planned to take place once in three years, but there having been 54 Chin-Shih examinations taken during the period of 134 years from the 6th of T'ung-ho(統和) (988) to the 2nd of Boo-Dah(保大), the emper, of Tian Tzuoh(天祚)(1122). with an average of 1 time for 2.5 years. But the examination was taken every year or every other two years during the time of Sheng-tsung(聖宗), and later, the period lengthend to some four or three years. The numbers of the successful candidators also increased from one or two during the years of T'ung-ho the minimum of 6 to maxiimum of 138 since K'ai-tai(開泰). The process of employment of the successful candidators were various. Successful cnadidators of the same Chin-Shih examination were diversely employed for general admiinistrative affairs, taxational works or military affairs. However, as they promoted to the higher positions, such divergence seems to have disappeared. The first grader in the Diann(殿) Examination was awarded of Fengjyr Dah Fu(奉直大夫) as the first position(equivalent to the Tsorng(從) 6 piin(品) of Song(宋) Dynasty), and others were awarded the position of Tsorng Shyh-rang(從事郞) (equivalent to Tsorng 8 piin of Song), and sometimes, Jiang Shyh rang(將士郞)(incomparable with any official position of Song, but equivalent to below Tsorng-9-piin of Tang.) The period of examination was not regular. Originally, the period was once for 3 years, but during the years of Shentsung,the examination was given every year or every other two years, and since the time of Hsing-tsung(與宗), once in three years. And the month the examination was taken was October before the 5th year of Jong Shi(重熙)(1036), and May or June, after the 7th of Jongshi(1038). The qualification of the candidators was also limted. In the beginning, there seems to have been hardly any limit, but since the 9th of Jongshi, doctors, fortunetellers, slaughters, slavers and the criminals were excluded from the examination. In the 5th of Gan T'ung(乾統)(1105),the descendants of the merchants were also excluded from the qualification. But, later, the system of examination became very loose and disorderly, and even some who did not take the examination were awarded the title of Chin-Shihs, while even Chin-Shihs of Song Dynasty surrended were employed through examination. During one generation of Ch'i-an, there had been taken 54 times of Chin-Shih examinations(according to the Beenjih of Liaoshih), and the successful candidators numbered 2342. Those whose names are well known number 70, while those listed in the Liaoshih, 20. The main points cleduced, as a result, from this study are as follows: first, the main purpose of the civil Exam seems to have been the selection of Chinese officials because the ruling over the chinese territory needed chinese officaials, secondly, it was an attempt to indirectly induce Ch'i-tan to keep their original respect for fighting spirit, and to effeminate the chinese or po-hai(渤海) people that they had limited the qualification of the candidators for civil Exam only to Chinese or Po-hai people excluding the Ch'i-tan, thirdly, the purpose of the execution of Civil Exam seems to have been to strengthen the trustfulness between king and retainers by establishing a teacher-discipline relation between them, and the luxurious proce dure of the ceremony for Chin-Shih seems to have been to induce the successful candidators to feel deep gratitude to the king by emphasizing that the award of Chin-Shih was being given by The king, and fourthly, it seems that the employment of Chinese people for the ruling of Chinese territory was to let them solve the difficult problem such as taxation(Shuifu 稅賦) or labour service(Fui 賦役) by themselves together with their own people.

견실한 자기구성 퍼지제어기 설계에 관한 연구

신위재,이팔진 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.2

본 논문에서는 서보 드라이브 시스템의 파라메타 변동과 외란에 대한 영향을 감소시키기 위해 견실 제어기를 갖는 자기구성 퍼지제어기(SOFC)를 설계하였다. 제어규칙이 자동으로 생성되고 수정되는 종적 공정을 위한 자기구성 퍼지제어기는 외란이나 파라메타 변동의 영향으로 제어규칙의 불필요한 개정으로 인해 불안정한 응답특성을 가진다. 따라서 그러한 단점들을 개선하기 위해 견실한 제어기를 갖는 자기구성 퍼지제어기를 설계하였다. 이를 위해 동적모델을 구성하고 교류 서보모터 드라이브 시스템의 시뮬레이션을 통해 제어계통이 견실한 특성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. In this paper, a Self-Organizing Fuzzy Control(SOFC) with Robust Controller considering the effects of parameter variations and external disturbance for the drive system is designed. A SOFC, a heuristic controller for dynamic processes whose control rule is able to generate and improve automatically, has an unstable response quality and output oscillation, because of a unnecessary revision for the control rule on account of effects of external disturbance and parameter variations. So, we designed a SOFC with Robust Controller for improve the weak points. A RSOFC(SOFC with Robust Controller) is composed of Robust Controller using dynamic model in order to reduce those effects, and it confirmed that designed RSOFC has a robust characteristic through simulation of the AC-Servo Motor drive system.

마이크로프로세서를 이용한 교류 서보모터의 퍼지 속도제어에 관한 연구

신위재,김동희 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1996 硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

In this paper, we designed the speed controller using microprocessor with high accuracy and speedy steady-state response, in AC servomotor control system. Fuzzy speed controller of AC servo motor using microprocessor (8097BH) memory have an appropriate fuzzy rule matrix. (which is 3-separate Look-up Table) We determine small changes on these gain coefficients using the method of trial and error and these read to improved by Fuzzy controller. The usefulness of proposed fuzzy speed controller will be confirmed by experiments which we compare with conventional P-I-D controller and Fuzzy controller.