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Damping-off Disease in Mulberry Seedlings and Its Management
( V. Nishitha Naik ),( D. D. Sharma ),( N. B. Chowdary ),( V. R. Mala ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2
During the routine survey, the mortality of mulberry seedlings was noticed due to damping-off disease. The disease recognized by rotting of emerged seedlings near the soil line (just below the soil level) resulting in collapse of the seedlings. Two fungi were isolated from affected samples and identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Both the fungi were found to be responsible in causing pre and post emergence damping-off of seedlings in mulberry. For management of the disease, an experiment was conducted using fungicides. These fungicides were applied as seed treatment; soil drenching and foliar spray alone and in combination. Among the different treatments, integration of seed treatment and soil application of Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP)+Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) followed by foliar spray of these fungicides (after 35 days of sowing) resulted in better survivability of seedlings (93.3 %) on 90th day and controlled the pre and post emergence damping off by 100 and 89.5%, respectively over the check.
Damping-off Disease in Mulberry Seedlings and Its Management
Naik, V.Nishitha,Sharma, D.D.,Chowdary, N.B.,Mala, V.R. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2
During the routine survey, the mortality of mulberry seedlings was noticed due to damping-off disease. The disease recognized by rotting of emerged seedlings near the soil line (just below the soil level) resulting in collapse of the seedlings. Two fungi were isolated from affected samples and identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Both the fungi were found to be responsible in causing pre and post emergence damping-off of seedlings in mulberry. For management of the disease, an experiment was conducted using fungicides. These fungicides were applied as seed treatment; soil drenching and foliar spray alone and in combination. Among the different treatments, integration of seed treatment and soil application of Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) + Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) followed by foliar spray of these fungicides (after 35 days of sowing) resulted in better survivability of seedlings (93.3 %) on $90^th$ day and controlled the pre and post emergence damping off by 100 and 89.5%, respectively over the check.
Screening of Botanicals Against Root Knot Disease Complex in Mulberry (Morus indica L.)
( V. Nishitha Naik ),( D. D. Sharma ),( Govindaiah ),( N. B. Chowdary ),( V. R. Mala ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.14 No.1
For developing an integrated eco-friendly package against root knot disease complex of mulberry caused by the association of Meloidogyne incognita with Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum causing serious loss in terms of leaf yield and quality during cultivation, twenty botanical extracts at 5, 10 & 20% concentrations were screened under in vitro conditions. Among the extracts, Allium sativum followed by Lasownia inermis were found to be effective at 20% concentration against both the virulent fungi and nematode. Both the extracts reduced the mycelial growth of virulent fungi to an extent of 76-100%, inhibited the hatching of nematode eggs by 80-90% and 76-85% larval mortality over the control. The other extracts were found either moderately or poorly effective in reducing the growth of fungi, hatching of nematode eggs and enhancing the mortality of larvae. The two effective botanical extracts, which rated as strong inhibitors against both nematode and virulent fungi, can be utilized in developing an integrated ecofriendly technology for better management of root knot disease complex in mulberry.
Damping-off Disease in Mulberry Seedlings and Its Management
V. Nishitha Naik,D. D. Sharma,N. B. Chowdary,V. R. Mala 한국잠사학회 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2
During the routine survey, the mortality of mulberry seedlings was noticed due to damping-off disease. The disease recognized by rotting of emerged seedlings near the soil line (just below the soil level) resulting in collapse of the seedlings. Two fungi were isolated from affected samples and identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Both the fungi were found to be responsible in causing pre and post emergence damping-off of seedlings in mulberry. For management of the disease, an experiment was conducted using fungicides. These fungicides were applied as seed treatment; soil drenching and foliar spray alone and in combination. Among the different treatments, integration of seed treatment and soil application of Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) + Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) followed by foliar spray of these fungicides (after 35 days of sowing) resulted in better survivability of seedlings (93.3%) on 90th day and controlled the pre and post emergence damping off by 100 and 89.5%, respectively over the check.
Soilborne Diseases of Mulberry and their Management
Sharma, D.D.,Naik, V.Nishitha,Chowdary, N.B.,Mala, V.R. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.7 No.2
Soilborne diseases pose a serious problem for mulberry cultivation during nursery plantation and established gardens, which cause severe loss in revenue generation of mulberry growers as compared to foliar diseases. Various soilborne diseases affect mulberry. Among them, root knot and root rot affect the established plantation resulting in severe loss in leaf yield apart from deterioration in leaf quality, which is a pre-requisite in successful sericulture to get the good quality of cocoons. Besides, stem-canker, cutting rot, collar rot and die-back, affect the initial establishment and survivability of mulberry plantation in nursery. The problem is difficult to handle, due to the complex nature of the diseases and also involvement of various biotic and abiotic factors. This is compounded by the occurrence of disease complex (especially nematode + soilborne pathogenic microbes) in established mulberry gardens, which facilitates quick spread of the disease and enhance the plant mortality, resulting substantial loss in leaf yield. Therefore, prevention and timely control measures need to be taken up to protect the mulberry plants from different soilborne plant pathogens. In this review article, symptomatology, epidemiology, disease cycle and control measures of soilborne diseases of mulberry are discussed.
Rao, P.Sudhakara,Rekha, M.,Naik, V.Nishitha,Pallavi, S.N.,Mahalingappa, K.C. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.4 No.1
Heterosis studies on rearing performance of 25 Fl Polyvoltine $\times$ bivoltine (sex-limited cocoon colour) hybrids revealed that manifestation of heterosis was highly significant for majority of the economic traits contributing to more silk yield. Five hybrids namely BL24${\times}$ CSR 19 (SL), BL24${\times}$</TEXB72 (SL), B167${\times}$</TEX05R19 (SL), BL67${\times}$</TEXB72 (SL)and96A${\times}$</TEXB72 (SL)were highly promisins over the popular hybrid PM ${\times}$</TEX NB4D2.These five hybrids exhibited significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for most of the traits studied and can be commercially exploited by taking genetic advantage of sexlimited cocoon colour bivoltine breeds on economic lines.
Rao, P.Sudhakara,Singh, Ravindra,Kalpana, G.V.,Naik, V.Nishitha,Basavaraja, H.K.,Swamy, G.N.Rama,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.3 No.1
Ten newly evolved bivoltine hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori L) were evaluated with control hybrid KA${\pm}$NB4D2 during three seasons of a year for their seasonal performance. Analysis of variance and other statistical methods were employed and the performance was observed in respect of 10 quantitative traits. The results showed significant genotype${\pm}$environment interaction with respect to four quantitative characters viz. fecundity, yield/10,000 larvae, filament length and raw silk (%). Environmental effects were significant for nine characters out of ten characters evaluated. A 105${\pm}$J2 and B${\pm}$NB4D2 were considered as highly adaptable hybrids to local conditions with high mean for maximum characters studied and found suitable to rear in all seasons.
P. Sudhakara Rao,H. K. Basavaraja,G. V. Kalpana,V. Nishitha Naik,K. C. Mahalingappa,S. N. Pallavi 한국잠사학회 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1
With an objective of evolving quantitatively and qualitatively superior bivoltine silkworm hybrid of Bombyx mori L. for tropics with shorter larval duration without compromising on productivity traits, a breeding programme was initiated at this institute during 1997 by utilizing breeding resource material from the institutes Germplasm collection. The breed SD7 is characterized with plain larvae spinning white oval cocoons and SD12 is characterized by sex-limited larval markings spinning white dumb-bell cocoons. After fixation, these breeds along with other newly evolved breeds were subjected for hybrid evaluation in the laboratory. Based on the hybrid studies, the hybrid SD7 ´ SD12 was selected and evaluated for one year comprising three major seasons (6 trials) of tropics viz., Pre-monsoon (characterized by high temperature, low humidity and without any rain fall), Monsoon (characterized by moderate temperature, heavy rain fall with high humidity) and post-monsoon season (characterized by low temperature and low humidity with frequent rain fall) to know the fluctuations in the larval duration. The evaluation studies indicated that the hybrid is having shorter larval duration with productive merits. The hybrid SD7 ´ SD12 recorded survival percent of 92.74, shell weight of 46.7 cg, shell ratio % of 24.0 and filament length of 1,200 meters with a shorter larval duration of 24 hrs; when compared to productive hybrid CSR2 ´ CSR5 (control). The breeding methodologies and hybrids usefulness for tropics were discussed.