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Roles of Indole as an Interspecies and Interkingdom Signaling Molecule
Lee, Jin-Hyung,Wood, Thomas K.,Lee, Jintae Elsevier 2015 Trends in microbiology Vol.23 No.11
<P>A number of bacteria, and some plants, produce large quantities of indole, which is widespread in animal intestinal tracts and in the rhizosphere. Indole, as an interspecies and interkingdom signaling molecule, plays important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and eukaryotic immunity. Furthermore, indole and its derivatives are viewed as potential antivirulence compounds against antibiotic-resistant pathogens because of their ability to inhibit quorum sensing and virulence factor production. Indole modulates oxidative stress, intestinal inflammation, and hormone secretion in animals, and it controls plant defense systems and growth. Insects and nematodes can recognize indole, which controls some of their behavior. This review presents current knowledge regarding indole and its derivatives, their biotechnological applications and their role in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.</P> <P><B>Trends</B></P> <P>A variety of bacteria, and some plants, produce large quantities of indole, and thus, indole and its derivatives are widespread in prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. Recently, indole was shown to be an intercellular, interspecies, and interkingdom signaling molecule.</P> <P>Indole and its derivatives can suppress the bacterial pathogenesis of several antibiotic-resistant pathogens by inhibiting quorum sensing and virulence factor production.</P> <P>Insects sense indole, which controls their behavior. Furthermore, indole controls plant defense systems and growth, and modulates oxidative stress, intestinal inflammation, and hormone secretion in animals. Emerging data suggest that indoles may influence human diseases, such as inflammatory, neurological, and metabolic diseases.</P>
Notch Pathway Targets Proangiogenic Regulator Sox17 to Restrict Angiogenesis
Lee, Seung-Hun,Lee, Sungsu,Yang, Hanseul,Song, Sukhyun,Kim, Kangsan,Saunders, Thomas L.,Yoon, Jeong K.,Koh, Gou Young,Kim, Injune American Heart Association, Inc. 2014 Circulation research Vol.115 No.2
<P><B><U>Rationale</U>:</B></P><P>The Notch pathway stabilizes sprouting angiogenesis by favoring stalk cells over tip cells at the vascular front. Because tip and stalk cells have different properties in morphology and function, their transcriptional regulation remains to be distinguished. Transcription factor Sox17 is specifically expressed in endothelial cells, but its expression and role at the vascular front remain largely unknown.</P><P><B><U>Objective</U>:</B></P><P>To specify the role of Sox17 and its relationship with the Notch pathway in sprouting angiogenesis.</P><P><B><U>Methods and Results</U>:</B></P><P>Endothelial-specific <I>Sox17</I> deletion reduces sprouting angiogenesis in mouse embryonic and postnatal vascular development, whereas <I>Sox17</I> overexpression increases it. Sox17 promotes endothelial migration by destabilizing endothelial junctions and rearranging cytoskeletal structure and upregulates expression of several genes preferentially expressed in tip cells. Interestingly, Sox17 expression is suppressed in stalk cells in which Notch signaling is relatively high. Notch activation by overexpressing Notch intracellular domain reduces Sox17 expression both in primary endothelial cells and in retinal angiogenesis, whereas Notch inhibition by delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) blockade increases it. The Notch pathway regulates Sox17 expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Furthermore, endothelial <I>Sox17</I> ablation rescues vascular network from excessive tip cell formation and hyperbranching under Notch inhibition in developmental and tumor angiogenesis.</P><P><B><U>Conclusions</U>:</B></P><P>Our findings demonstrate that the Notch pathway restricts sprouting angiogenesis by reducing the expression of proangiogenic regulator Sox17.</P>
Protein Microarray Characterization of the <i>S</i> -Nitrosoproteome
Lee, Yun-Il,Giovinazzo, Daniel,Kang, Ho Chul,Lee, Yunjong,Jeong, Jun Seop,Doulias, Paschalis-Thomas,Xie, Zhi,Hu, Jianfei,Ghasemi, Mehdi,Ischiropoulos, Harry,Qian, Jiang,Zhu, Heng,Blackshaw, Seth,Dawso The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecula 2014 Molecular and Cellular Proteomics Vol.13 No.1
<P>Nitric oxide (NO) mediates a substantial part of its physiologic functions via <I>S</I>-nitrosylation, however the cellular substrates for NO-mediated <I>S</I>-nitrosylation are largely unknown. Here we describe the <I>S</I>-nitrosoproteome using a high-density protein microarray chip containing 16,368 unique human proteins. We identified 834 potentially <I>S</I>-nitrosylated human proteins. Using a unique and highly specific labeling and affinity capture of <I>S</I>-nitrosylated proteins, 138 cysteine residues on 131 peptides in 95 proteins were determined, defining critical sites of NO's actions. Of these cysteine residues 113 are novel sites of <I>S</I>-nitrosylation. A consensus sequence motif from these 834 proteins for <I>S</I>-nitrosylation was identified, suggesting that the residues flanking the <I>S</I>-nitrosylated cysteine are likely to be the critical determinant of whether the cysteine is <I>S</I>-nitrosylated. We identify eight ubiquitin E3 ligases, RNF10, RNF11, RNF41, RNF141, RNF181, RNF208, WWP2, and UBE3A, whose activities are modulated by <I>S</I>-nitrosylation, providing a unique regulatory mechanism of the ubiquitin proteasome system. These results define a new and extensive set of proteins that are susceptible to NO regulation via <I>S</I>-nitrosylation. Similar approaches could be used to identify other post-translational modification proteomes.</P>
Biomedical Applications of Magnetically Functionalized Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanofibers
Lee, Hwa-Jeong,Lee, Sang Joon,Uthaman, Saji,Thomas, Reju George,Hyun, Hoon,Jeong, Yong Yeon,Cho, Chong-Su,Park, In-Kyu MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.6
<P>Nanofibers are one-dimensional nanomaterial in fiber form with diameter less than 1 µm and an aspect ratio (length/diameter) larger than 100:1. Among the different types of nanoparticle-loaded nanofiber systems, nanofibers loaded with magnetic nanoparticles have gained much attention from biomedical scientists due to a synergistic effect obtained from the unique properties of both the nanofibers and magnetic nanoparticles. These magnetic nanoparticle-encapsulated or -embedded nanofiber systems can be used not only for imaging purposes but also for therapy. In this review, we focused on recent advances in nanofibers loaded with magnetic nanoparticles, their biomedical applications, and future trends in the application of these nanofibers.</P>
Apolipoprotein B binds to enolase-1 and aggravates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis
Lee, Joo Youn,Kang, Min Jueng,Choi, Ji Yong,Park, Ji Soo,Park, Jin Kyun,Lee, Eun Young,Lee, Eun Bong,Pap, Thomas,Yi, Eugene C,Song, Yeong Wook H. K. Lewis 2018 Annals of the rheumatic diseases Vol. No.
<P>Conclusions A key component of atherogenic lipids, apoB, aggravated arthritis by potentiating the inflammatory response via its interaction with ENO1 expressed on the surface of immune cells. This suggests a novel mechanism by which lipid metabolism regulates chronic inflammation in RA.</P>
Lee, Ji-Woong,Mayer-Gall, Thomas,Opwis, Klaus,Song, Choong Eui,Gutmann, Jochen Stefan,List, Benjamin American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science Vol.341 No.6151
<P><B>Catalytic Parachute</B></P><P>Small organic molecules have emerged as catalysts as versatile as transition metal complexes. However, industrial application of such organocatalysts has been hampered by technical challenges. Now <B>Lee <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 1225) have succeeded in tethering a diverse set of high-performance organocatalysts to nylon fabric through ultraviolet photochemistry, making them easy to isolate and reuse.</P>
Measuring sleep quality after adenotonsillectomy in pediatric sleep apnea.
Lee, Seung Hoon,Choi, Ji Ho,Park, Il Ho,Lee, Sang Hag,Kim, Tae Hoon,Lee, Heung Man,Park, Hee-Kwon,Thomas, Robert J,Shin, Chol,Yun, Chang-Ho Triological Foundation [etc.] 2012 The Laryngoscope Vol.122 No.9
<P>The aim of this study was to demonstrate postoperative changes in sleep quality in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), using both conventional sleep staging and electrocardiogram-based cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analysis. The hypothesis is that being electroencephalography (EEG)-independent, CPC may detect changes in sleep quality that traditional sleep architecture analysis cannot.</P>
Lee, Wonmok,Yoon, Jongseung,Thomas, Edwin L.,Lee, Hyunjung American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.16
<P>A high molecular weight, lamellar block copolymer (BCP) can exhibit a photonic stop band in the visible range of wavelengths due to the one-dimensional periodic dielectric layer structure. After dissolving a high molecular weight BCP in a neutral solvent, solvent evaporation causes microphase separation, forming a so-called “photonic gel” at a quite low polymer concentration (∼10 wt %). Moreover, by allowing the solvent to further evaporate, the reflected color can be tuned over the entire range of the visible spectrum. Here, a polystyrene–polyisoprene diblock (PS-<I>b</I>-PI) is dissolved in cumene, and the solution was placed between two glass substrates. The radial concentration gradient during slow evaporation of the cumene generates a “rainbow-like” set of reflected colors from the photonic gel. Based on local measurement of the reflectivity along the radial direction of the photonic gel, the radial solvent composition was calculated and the experimentally observed reflectivity was compared to results simulated using the transfer matrix method. Balsara’s scaling law for the lamellar period versus polymer concentration was adapted for the simulation of the concentration profile, which showed a reasonable agreement with a previous theoretical calculation. Compared to the simulated spectra, experimentally obtained reflectance spectra exhibited weaker peak reflectivity and additional peak broadening due to lamellar misorientation and decrease of the average grain size during solvent evaporation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-16/ma302557v/production/images/medium/ma-2012-02557v_0007.gif'></P>