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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Takashi Nozawa (검색결과 3 건)
- 무료
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Discrete Modeling of Patellar-Tendon-Reflexes As Logistic Phenomena
Takashi Nozawa,Noriyuki Hori,Naotaka Mamizuka 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
The present paper proposes a logistic model to represent patellar-tendon-reflexes (PTR) from the release-angle of the tapping-hammer to the peak angular-speed of the knee joint. The experimental data obtained are discrete in nature and, thus, they are modeled as a discrete system. However, the model is formulated such that parameters of the underlying continuous model are directly obtained so that the discrete results can be related to continuous counterpart with ease. From the observation of PTR data, it was noticed that they resemble well some of the features exhibited by a system whose characteristics are governed by a logistic equation. For these reasons, a technique developed recently for exact time-discretization of nonlinear systems was applied to this non-temporal discrete system. A discrete logistic model was identified from the experimental data obtained from human reflexes. Furthermore, a method is presented to determine an appropriate initial condition to reproduce the data curve using the identified model. The overall scheme was found to give results that were closer to actual data than the popular forward difference method, even with a very large discrete interval. This is important since the modeling can be achieved using a small number of tapping on the patients.
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Nozawa, Takaya,Yoon, Sung-Chul,Maeda, Keiichi,Kozasa, Takashi,Nomoto, Ken'ichi,Langer, Norbert University of Chicago Press for the American Astro 2014 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.787 No.2
We investigate the formation of dust in a stellar wind during the red-supergiant (RSG) phase of a very massive Population III star with a zero-age main sequence mass of 500 M-circle dot. We show that, in a carbon-rich wind with a constant velocity, carbon grains can form with a lognormal-like size distribution, and that all of the carbon available for dust formation finally condenses into dust for wide ranges of the mass-loss rate ((0.1-3) x 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1)) and wind velocity (1-100 km s(-1)). We also find that the acceleration of the wind, driven by newly formed dust, suppresses the grain growth but still allows more than half of the gas-phase carbon to finally be locked up in dust grains. These results indicate that, at most, 1.7 M-circle dot of carbon grains can form during the RSG phase of 500 M-circle dot Population III stars. Such a high dust yield could place very massive primordial stars as important sources of dust at the very early epoch of the universe if the initial mass function of Population III stars was top-heavy. We also briefly discuss a new formation scenario of carbon-rich ultra-metal-poor stars, considering feedback from very massive Population III stars.
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Predictors of Poor Outcome in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
Nobuhiro Dougu,Shutaro Takashima,Etsuko Sasahara,Yoshiharu Taguchi,Shigeo Toyoda,Tadakazu Hirai,Takashi Nozawa,Kortaro Tanaka,Hiroshi Inoue 대한신경과학회 2011 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.7 No.4
Background and Purpose Plasma D-dimer levels are elevated during the acute phase of cerebral infarction (CI). We investigated whether the D-dimer level on admission and other clinical characteristics could be used to predict the poor outcome of patients with acute CI. Methods The clinical characteristics and plasma D-dimer levels measured within 3 days of onset were compared according to outcome among patients with acute CI. Results In total, 359 consecutive patients (mean age, 71.8 years) were examined, of which 174 had a poor outcome [score on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≥3] at 30 days after hospitalization. The mean mRS score was higher and a poor outcome was observed more frequently among women than among men (p<0.001 for each). The proportions of women, cardioembolism, atrial fibrillation, advanced age (≥75 years), prior history of CI or transient ischemic attack, and elevated D-dimer level (≥1.0 μg/mL) were significantly higher among patients with a poor outcome than among those with a good outcome. A multivariate analysis showed that elevated D-dimer level [≥1.0 μg/mL; odds ratio (OR), 2.45; 95% confidence interval (95% CI),1.52-3.89; p<0.01], advanced age (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.21-3.07; p<0.01), and female gender (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.08-2.83; p=0.02) were independent predictors of a poor outcome. Conclusions Certain clinical characteristics (gender and advanced age) and an elevated Ddimer level upon admission can be used to predict the outcome of patients with acute CI at 30 days after hospitalization.
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