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Mahnaz Movafaghi Ardestani,Shokouh Mahpishanian,Bahar Forouzesh Rad,Mehran Janmohammadi,Majid Baghdadi 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.6
A facile, effective, and eco-friendly process was developed for the preparation of chemically expanded graphite(CEG) under ambient conditions using natural flake graphite as raw material, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) asan oxidative intercalating agent, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the reactive species. The results showed that theCEG had an interconnected and highly porous structure, and some oxygen-containing groups were grafted on thegraphite layer by the oxidation-intercalation process. The absence of the graphite diffraction peak at 26o in the XRDpattern of expanded graphite (EG) indicates that the intercalation and expansion processes were complete, and most ofthe starting graphite layers were converted into the graphene sheets. The sulfuric acid concentration was the mosteffective parameter on the expansion, and the maximum expansion occurred at a sulfuric acid concentration of 77.5%. The other optimum preparation conditions were obtained at 1.5 g of KMnO4 and 30mL of H2O2 30%. Under the optimalcondition, the developed room-temperature liquid-phase intercalation and expansion processes led to an expansionvolume of up to 250 times. The potential application of the as-prepared CEG in environmental clean-up wasevaluated by adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solution. The kinetic studies exhibited thatthe MB adsorption onto the CEG followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data were fitted well withthe Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 399.08mg g1. The findings indicate that the CEG wouldbe potentially applicable in water purification.