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Optimization and evaluation of multigrain gluten-enriched instant noodles
Savita Rani,Rakhi Singh,Barjinder Pal Kaur,Ashutosh Upadhyay,Dinkar B. Kamble 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.5
Central composite design was employed to optimize the cooking, textural and overall acceptability score of the instant dried noodles prepared with multigrain flour and gluten incorporation. Sorghum flour (X1, 10–50%), soy flour (X2, 10–20%) and gluten (X3, 2–4%) were the independent variables investigated with respect to five response variables including cooking time (Y1), cooked weight (Y2), cooking loss (Y3), hardness (Y4) and overall acceptability (Y5). The optimum level was found to be 24.61% sorghum, 13.23% soy and 2.95% gluten resulting in cooking time = 9 ± 0.60 min, cooked weight = 17.30 ± 0.17 g, cooking loss = 11.46 ± 0.64 g/100 g, hardness = 36.65 ± 3.2 N with overall acceptability score of 7.3 ± 0.71, respectively. Optimized noodles showed higher ash (3.40 ± 0.11%), protein (16.63 ± 0.55%), fiber (4.78 ± 0.04%) as well as iron content (4.53 ± 0.02 mg/ 100 g) than the control (0.83 ± 0.02%, 13.13 ± 0.84%, 0.00 and 2.38 mg/100 g) and Maggie noodles (3.19 ± 0.01%, 10.53 ± 0.30%, 0.41 ± 0.50% and 0.22 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) made with refined wheat flour. Optimized noodles also revealed good total phenolic content (84.57 ± 1.42 mg GAE/100 g DW) and 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (19.64 ± 0.20%). Hence, optimized noodles have substantial potential as a protein–fiber-rich complementary food to improve the nutrient delivery of mid-day meal scheme and satisfying the protein requirement of primary class children (12 g/ child/day) as laid down by MHRD (India) under the scheme.
*-Ricci Soliton on (κ < 0, µ)-almost Cosymplectic Manifolds
Savita Rani,Ram Shankar Gupta 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2022 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.62 No.2
We study *-Ricci solitons on non-cosymplectic (κ, μ)-acs (almost cosymplec-tic) manifolds M. We find *-solitons that are steady, and such that both the scalarcurvature and the divergence of the potential field is negative. Further, we study concurrent, concircular, torse forming and torqued vector fields on M admitting Ricci and*-Ricci solitons. Also, we provide some examples.