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Sangyong Lee,Shaunak Potdar,Jae W. Lee 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.11
This work presents the determination of both reference chemical potential and temperature-dependent enthalpy changes of gas hydrates using molecular dynamics simulations. We introduced a method incorporating molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to the Lee-Holder distortion model for calculating the reference properties of single component structure II gas hydrates. The guest molecules affect the interaction between adjacent water molecules distorting the hydrate lattice, which requires diverse values of reference properties for different gas hydrates. We performed the simulation to validate the experimental data determining the reference chemical potential as well as the thermal expansivity of unit cell structure for structure II type gas hydrates. All simulations were performed using TIP4P water molecules at the reference temperature and pressure conditions. As an attempt to apply MD simulation to calculate the reference state of gas hydrate, we demonstrate lattice distortion of structure I and II gas hydrates. The reference chemical potential was generally found to increase with the size of the guest molecule. The temperature effect on the unit cell size, which will be used to calculate the enthalpy change of gas hydrate due to temperature, has been observed.
A Study on the Mask Symbolism in O’Neill’s The Great God Brown
( Lee¸ Sang-yong ) 현대영미어문학회 1983 현대영미어문학 Vol.1 No.-
본 연구는 O’Neill 이 원초적인 곳에 바탕을 둔 인간의 사고와 행위를, mask 를 사용하여 무대에 표출한 가면극 The Great God Brown에 나타난 mask symbolism 을 고찰하여 이 극의 극적 상황에 따라 미묘하게 변하는 등장인물들의 심상변화를 연구해 봄으로써 O’Neill 의 비극, 그 중에서도 가면극에 대한 보다 깊은 이해를 얻는 데 그 목적을 두었다. 이 작품에서는 등장인물들의 내적 자아와 외적 자아가 mask 를 중심으로 상이하게 나타나며, 특히 mask 뒤에 숨겨진 고뇌와 번민에 찬 인간 본연의 모습을 살펴보기 위해서는 mask symbolism에 대한 분석 검토가 필연적이라 할 수 있다. 따라서, 본고에서는 mask symbolism을 The Dio-nysian Image 와 The Demi-God Image, 그리고 The Earth Mother Image 등 세 측면에서 분석 · 검토하고자 한다. 첫째로, The Dionysian Image 에서는 주인공 Dion Anthony 의 이중 성격 중에서 Christianity 가 부정하는 Dionysus 때문에 괴로워하고 번민하는 Dion의 성격을 Dionysian Image 에 촛점을 맞추어 분석하였으며, 둘째로, The Demi-God Image 에서는 Dion 의 antagonist 인 Brown의 성격을 Mephistopheles 의 측면에서 고찰하여, 그를 “the visionless demi-god of our new materialistic myth”의 symbol 로 조명해 보았으며, 세째로, The Earth Mother Image에서는, 가면을 썼을 때는 일개 창녀이나, 그 가면 밑의 본연의 모습은 영원한 Earth Mother 인 Cybel 의 성격을 분석 고찰해 보았다. The Great God Brown에서 O’Neill 은 mask 를 사용하여 인간 본성의 심연 속에 깊숙히 감추어진 갈등을 적나라하게 표출하였으며, 이 작품 속의 주인공 Dion 과 Brown이 다 같이 최후의 순간에는 Mother Earth 를 찾는 데 이 점에서도 잘 나타나 있듯이 작가 O’Neill 자신이 관심을 갖고 추구한 것은 인간과 인간의 관계가 아닌 인간과 신과의 관계인 것이다.
Hymenobacter swuensis sp. nov., a Gamma-Radiation-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Mountain Soil
Lee, Jae-Jin,Srinivasan, Sathiyaraj,Lim, Sangyong,Joe, Minho,Lee, Sang Hee,Kwon, Shin Ae,Kwon, Yoon Jung,Lee, Jin,Choi, Jin Ju,Lee, Hye Min,Auh, Young Kyung,Kim, Myung Kyum Springer-Verlag 2014 Current microbiology Vol.68 No.3
Sangyong Lee,Sanghyuk Jung,Yong Ho Song IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on consumer electronics Vol.58 No.3
<P>NAND flash memory is widely used in many embedded systems owing to such advantages as a small size, shock resistance, and low power consumption. However, NAND flash memory has certain hardware limitations such as an 'erase-before-write' constraint, which creates a long write latency. Therefore, many studies have been performed to reduce the write latency of NAND flash, one of which uses phase-changed RAM (PRAM) as a supplemental device to overcome the disadvantages of NAND flash memory. However, it is difficult to apply PRAM to storage systems owing to its limited density and high cost per capacity. To solve this problem, a novel management scheme for PRAM/NAND flash hybrid storage is proposed. Our proposed method uses limited PRAM space more efficiently by reducing the size of the data to be stored through an efficient compression scheme using differential values and rates. In addition, the proposed method improves the performance and durability of storage systems by efficiently reducing the flash program operation. Our experiments show that the proposed scheme can improve the performance and durability of PRAM/NAND flash hybrid storage with only slight increases in hardware costs.</P>
Lee, Myunggu,Lee, Junhak,Lee, Dohoon,Cho, Jaehoon,Kim, Sangyong,Park, Chulhwan Elsevier 2011 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.49 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A silica gel-based substrate feeding system was developed to prevent methanol inhibiting the catalyst during enzymatic biodiesel synthesis. In the system, silica gel swelled upon methanol addition and subsequently released it in a controlled manner to prevent excess methanol affecting the enzyme. Biodiesel was synthesized by the enzymatic transesterification of canola oil with methanol. For this reaction, enzyme loading, methanol/oil molar ratio, silica gel dosage, glycerol content, and methanol feeding method were tested using commercial immobilized enzymes (Novozym 435 and Lipozyme RM IM from Novozymes). The results showed that conversion was highest with controlled substrate feeding rather than direct methanol addition, suggesting that the method developed here can easily prevent enzyme inhibition by limiting methanol concentration to an acceptable level.</P>
Lee, In-Hyun,Yu, Mi Kyung,Kim, In Hwa,Lee, Jae-Hyuk,Park, Tae Gwan,Jon, Sangyong Elsevier 2011 Journal of controlled release Vol.155 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We designed a bioconjugate between duplex oligodeoxynucleotides (dODNs) and a dendrimer (DEN) and demonstrate its feasibility as a novel delivery system for doxorubicin (Dox) in animal tumor models and against cancer cells <I>in vitro</I>. The dODNs–DEN conjugates formed stable complexes with Dox (~184 Dox molecules per conjugate) and the resulting Dox-loaded conjugate exhibited a sustained drug release pattern both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that Dox-loaded dODNs–DEN conjugates were cleared from plasma much more slowly (up to 5.3h) than was free Dox (0.65h). Furthermore, tumors retained a higher amount of Dox in mice treated with the conjugate group compared to that of free Dox-treated group at the same dosage. In mice bearing 4T1 murine breast tumor allografts, the dendrimer conjugate, at a Dox concentration of 1mg/kg, was more effective than the equivalent concentration of free Dox and tumor size reduction was equivalent to that seen using 4mg/kg free Dox. We observed no severe systemic toxicity or cardiotoxicity in mice treated with the conjugate, as indicated by body weight change and heart tissue histology. These findings indicate that dODNs–DEN conjugates can be used to administer Dox with improved pharmacokinetics, lower toxicity, and an increased ability to concentrate drugs in tumors, compared with free drug, and that such conjugates are effective against tumors <I>in vivo</I>.</P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P><P><ce:figure id='f0040'></ce:figure></P>
Printing of Sub-100-nm Metal Nanodot Arrays by Carbon Nanopost Stamps
Lee, Sang Ho,Cho, Byungjin,Yoon, Seungha,Jeong, Huisu,Jon, Sangyong,Jung, Gun Young,Cho, Beong Ki,Lee, Takhee,Kim, Won Bae American Chemical Society 2011 ACS NANO Vol.5 No.7
<P>This work reports an efficient method to fabricate hexagonally patterned metal nanodot arrays at the sub-100-nm scale, which is based on contact printing <I>via</I> novel nanometer-scaled stamps. Vertically aligned carbon nanoposts, supported by hexagonally ordered nanochannels of anodic aluminum oxide templates, are employed as the stamping platform to directly transfer controlled metal nanodot arrays. Using the fabrication platform, a number of patterned metal nanodot arrays made of Au, Cu, Ni, Ag, Pt, Al, and Ti can be contact-printed over large substrate areas in ambient conditions. The size, density, and interdistance of the printed nanodots are controllable with a tight correspondence to the mother stamp geometries, which can be precisely tuned by modifying the pore dimensions of the alumina matrixes. An advanced example of contact printing of metal nanoparticles is successfully demonstrated by the controlled formation of nanodot arrays in a specific area.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2011/ancac3.2011.5.issue-7/nn2009722/production/images/medium/nn-2011-009722_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn2009722'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Sangyong Lee,Jin-Gul Hyun,Hyungsoo Kim,Kyung-Wook Paik Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on advanced packaging Vol.30 No.3
<P>Epoxy/BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> composites have been of great interest as embedded capacitor materials, mainly due to high dielectric constant of ceramic powders, and good process compatibility of epoxy with printed circuit boards (PCBs). However, one of the potential problems of epoxy/BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> composite is the dielectric relaxation at gigahertz range. In this paper, epoxy/SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> composite embedded capacitor films (ECFs) were fabricated for high-frequency applications. Dielectric constants of epoxy/SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> composite embedded capacitor films with various SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> particles loading for three different commercial SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> powders were measured, and experimental data were fitted to the Lichtenecker equation for the prediction of the effective dielectric constant of SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> powders in epoxy/ SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> composite ECFs. Using a rectangular cavity resonator method, dielectric constants of epoxy/SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> composite ECFs were measured at gigahertz range (1-10 GHz). At gigahertz frequencies, dielectric constants of epoxy/SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> composite ECFs were nearly constant. In contrast, epoxy/BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> composite ECFs showed decrease of dielectric constants above 5 GHz. Therefore, it is concluded that epoxy/SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> composite ECFs can be more effectively to be applied for high-frequency applications.</P>