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Park, Jinbong,Jeon, Yong-Deok,Kim, Hye-Lin,Lim, Hara,Jung, Yunu,Youn, Dong-Hyun,Jeong, Mi-Young,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Su-Jin,Hong, Seung-Heon,Um, Jae-Young Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-
<P>Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean Medicine (KM) is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in KM lacks experimental evidence. According to <I>Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica</I>, the earliest book of herbal medicine, <I>Veratrum nigrum</I> (VN) has antagonistic features against <I>Panax ginseng</I> (PG), and the PG-VN pair is strictly forbidden. In this study, we have shown the effects of PG, VN, and their combination on obesity in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 cells. PG, VN, and PG-VN combination significantly reduced weight gain and the fat pad weight in HF diet-induced obese mice. They also significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenesis factors, PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I>, in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the PG-VN combination had synergistic effects compared with the mixture of extracts of PG and VN on inhibition of PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I> expressions at lower doses. These results indicate a new potential anti-obese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in KM.</P>
Piezotronic graphene barristor: Efficient and interactive modulation of Schottky barrier
Kim, Seongchan,Choi, Young Jin,Woo, Hwi Je,Sun, Qijun,Lee, Sungjoo,Kang, Moon Sung,Song, Young Jae,Wang, Zhong Lin,Cho, Jeong Ho Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.50 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The piezopotential generated in non-centrosymmetric crystals under external mechanical stimuli can be exploited to modulate the contact characteristics at the metal-semiconductor interface. The extent of electric modulation by the piezopotential was found to be moderate. This is mainly because the piezopotential was designed to alter the band bend of the semiconductor layer, which changed the injection barrier by 0.1 eV. We propose an efficient method to utilize the piezopotential for modulating Schottky barrier, i.e. piezotronic graphene barristor. This was done by capacitively coupling the piezoelectric material with a Schottky barrier (SB)-tunable graphene electrode, using an ion gel electrolyte. Through capacitive coupling, the piezopotential could modulate the work function of a graphene electrode by 0.89 eV. This was visualized directly using Kelvin probe force microscopy experiments for the first time. A large change in the work function of graphene allowed effective tuning of the height of the SB formed at the graphene/semiconductor junction. Consequently, a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) could change the current density of the semiconductor layer by more than three orders of magnitude with strain, and yield a high current density larger than 10.5 A cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. Multistage modulation of the height of the SB at the junction was also successfully demonstrated by integrating two PENGs with ion gel. This work presents an efficient method for harnessing the piezopotential generated from PENG to actively control the operation of flexible electronics through external mechanical stimuli.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Kelvin probe force microscopy was firstly applied on probing the surface potential of graphene through ion gel electrolyte and visualized the piezopotential modulation of graphene work function. </LI> <LI> Highly efficient modulation of graphene work function by 0.89 eV was achieved through capacitive coupling the piezopotential to the graphene-IGZO heterostructure. </LI> <LI> Through applying external strains, we achieved a high current density of vertical graphene-IGZO barristor as large as 10.5 A cm<SUP>-2</SUP> and realized multistep modulations of the Schottky barrier formed at graphene-IGZO junction. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>We propose an efficient method to utilize the piezopotential for modulating electrical signals. This is done by capacitively coupling the piezoelectric material with a Schottky barrier (SB)-tunable graphene electrode, using an ion gel electrolyte.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kim, Jae-Hun,Ha, Tae Lin,Im, Geun Ho,Yang, Jehoon,Seo, Sang Won,Lee, In Su,Lee, Jung Hee Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2013 NEUROREPORT - Vol.24 No.1
<P>In this study, we have shown the feasibility of hollow manganese oxide nanoparticles (HMON) conjugated with an antibody of A beta 1-40 peptide (abA beta 40) (HMON-abA beta 40) for MRI of amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. MR brain images in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and their nontransgenic littermates were acquired using a 7.0 T MRI system before, and 24 and 72 h after an injection of HMON-abA beta 40. After the injection of HMON-abA beta 40, we found hyperenhanced spots in the frontal cortex area on T1-weighted MR images for transgenic mice, which corresponded qualitatively to amyloid plaques detected by thioflavin-S staining. For quantitative analysis, percent MR signal changes in six brain regions (olfactory cortex, frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellar cortex) were compared between transgenic and wild-type mice. We found significant increases in the percent MR signal changes in the olfactory cortex, frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus, but there were no significant differences in the thalamus and cerebellar cortex for transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. This unique strategy allowed us to detect brain regions subjected to amyloid plaque deposition in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse models and has a potential to be developed for human applications, which has a current utility in preclinical research, particularly in monitoring therapeutic response for drug development in Alzheimer's disease. NeuroReport 24:16-21 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. NeuroReport 2013, 24:16-21</P>
Lin, Haiyue,Roh, Jaewon,Woo, Joo Han,Kim, Sung Joon,Nam, Joo Hyun Elsevier 2018 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.503 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Anoctamin 6 (ANO6/TMEM16F) is a recently identified membrane protein that has both phospholipid scramblase activity and anion channel function activated by relatively high [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>. In addition to the low sensitivity to Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, the activation of ANO6 Cl<SUP>−</SUP> conductance is very slow (>3–5 min to reach peak level at 10 μM [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>), with subsequent inactivation. In a whole-cell patch clamp recording of ANO6 current (I<SUB>ANO6,w-c</SUB>), disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin-D (cytoD) significantly accelerated the activation kinetics, while actin filament-stabilizing agents (phalloidin and jasplakinolide) commonly inhibited I<SUB>ANO6,w-c</SUB>. Inside-out patch clamp recording of ANO6 (I<SUB>ANO6,i-o</SUB>) showed immediate activation by raising [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>. We also found that intracellular ATP (3 mM MgATP in pipette solution) decelerated the activation of I<SUB>ANO6,w-c</SUB>, and also prevented the inactivation of I<SUB>ANO6,w-c</SUB>. However, the addition of cytoD still accelerated both activation and inactivation of I<SUB>ANO6,w-c</SUB>. We conclude that the actin cytoskeleton and intracellular ATP play major roles in the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-dependent activation and inactivation of I<SUB>ANO6,w-c</SUB>, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ANO6 current shows sluggish activation even with high [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>, and inactivation. </LI> <LI> Actin cytoskeleton disruption accelerate both activation and inactivation of ANO6. </LI> <LI> Intracellular MgATP further delays ANO6 activation, and prevent inactivation. </LI> <LI> The effects of MgATP on ANO6 were overcome by actin inhibitor, cytochalasin-D. </LI> <LI> State actin cytoskeleton is crucial for determining ANO6 activity in intact cells. </LI> </UL> </P>
Klotho May Ameliorate Proteinuria by Targeting TRPC6 Channels in Podocytes
Kim, Ji-Hee,Xie, Jian,Hwang, Kyu-Hee,Wu, Yueh-Lin,Oliver, Noelynn,Eom, Minseob,Park, Kyu-Sang,Barrezueta, Nestor,Kong, In-Deok,Fracasso, R. Paul,Huang, Chou-Long,Cha, Seung-Kuy American Society of Nephrology 2017 Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Vol.28 No.1
Acute toxicity of a mixture of copper and single-walled carbon nanotubes to<i>Daphnia magna</i>
Kim, Ki T.,Klaine, Stephen J.,Lin, Sijie,Ke, Pu C.,Kim, Sang D. Wiley (John WileySons) 2010 Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol.29 No.1
<P>Nanomaterials released into the environment will interact with many materials including other contaminants. This may influence bioavailability and fate of both the nanoparticles and the other contaminants. The present study examined the effect of a combination of soluble copper and surface-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on Daphnia magna. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was used to modify the surface of SWNTs, reducing the surface hydrophobicity of the tubes and thereby producing a stable aqueous nanoparticle suspension. The toxicity of the nanoparticle-copper (Cu) mixture was determined to be additive. The addition of nontoxic concentration of LPC-SWNTs enhanced the uptake and toxicity of copper. Greater amounts of Cu were shown to accumulate in D. magna upon addition of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L LPC-SWNTs.</P>