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Cyber Security Attacks and Challenges in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19
Nourah Almrezeq,Mamoona Humayun,Madallah Alruwaili,Saad Alanazi,NZ Jhanjhi International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.10
The outbreak of COVID-19 had affected almost every part of the world and caused disastrous results, the number of reported COVID-19 cases in past few months have reached to more than 29 million patients in the world globally. This pandemic has adversely affected all the activities of life, ranging from personal life to overall economic development. Due to the current situation, routinely turned to online resources, and people have relied on technology more than they have been before. Since cybercriminals are an opportunist and they utilized this entirely, by targeting the online services for all sectors of life. This fortnight online dependency of the community over the internet opened several easy doors for the cybercriminals. This causes exponential attacks over internet traffic during this epidemic situation. The current Covid-19 pandemic situation appeared at once, and no one was ready to prevail this. However, there is an urgent need to address the current problem in all means. . KSA is among one of the countries most affected by these CA and is a key victim for most cyber-crimes. Therefore, this paper will review the effects of COVID-19 on the cyber-world of KSA in various sectors. We will also shed light on the Saudi efforts to confront these attacks during COVID -19. As a contribution, we have provided a comprehensive framework for mitigating cybersecurity challenges.
Sabarunisha Begum S,Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar,Prakash NB,Mohsen Bakouri,Ahmed Bakhit Alanazi,Nasser Mohammed Saad Alkhatlan 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6
The paper investigates the flow dynamic behaviour of inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor (IFBBR) for the treatment of pharmaceutical based biomedical wastewater. The residence time distribution (RTD) study has been employed as a tool to investigate the flow dynamic behaviour of wastewater within the reactor. The biofilm reactor is operated using Pseudomonas fluorescens for various ratios of settled bed volume to reactor working volume (Vb/Vr) with different superficial air velocities and examined their impact on flow dynamics. The outcomes of this study demonstrate the presence of dead volume and short circuiting in the reactor were reduced for the optimized (Vb/Vr) ratio of 0.20 and optimum superficial air velocity (Ug)m of 0.220 m/s. The potential of IFBBR was experimentally validated by analysing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) emanating from the wastewater. Findings of this study reveals that maximum COD reduction of about 92% was achieved when the reactor was operated with (Vb/Vr)m of 0.20 with superficial air velocity, Ugm of 0.220 m/s showing the optimal operating parameters for IFBBR which has good mixing and less back mixing condition inside the reactor.
Sabarunisha Begum S,Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar,NB Prakash,Mohsen Bakouri,Ahmed Bakhit Alanazi,Nasser Mohammed Saad Alkhatlan 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6
The paper investigates the flow dynamic behaviour of inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor (IFBBR) for the treatment of pharmaceutical based biomedical wastewater. The residence time distribution (RTD) study has been employed as a tool to investigate the flow dynamic behaviour of wastewater within the reactor. The biofilm reactor is operated using Pseudomonas fluorescens for various ratios of settled bed volume to reactor working volume (Vb/Vr) with different superficial air velocities and examined their impact on flow dynamics. The outcomes of this study demonstrate the presence of dead volume and short circuiting in the reactor were reduced for the optimized (Vb/Vr) ratio of 0.20 and optimum superficial air velocity (Ug)m of 0.220 m/s. The potential of IFBBR was experimentally validated by analysing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) emanating from the wastewater. Findings of this study reveals that maximum COD reduction of about 92% was achieved when the reactor was operated with (Vb/Vr)m of 0.20 with superficial air velocity, Ugm of 0.220 m/s showing the optimal operating parameters for IFBBR which has good mixing and less back mixing condition inside the reactor.