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Bupropion overdose as a clinically significant confounder of the neurological examination
Ranier Reyes,Stephen Figueroa 대한신경집중치료학회 2020 대한신경집중치료학회지 Vol.13 No.2
Background: Bupropion is a selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor utilized in the treatment of multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. It has been implicated as a brain death mimic due to its association with a comatose examination. Case Report: A 31-year-old man with depression and anxiety ingested bupropion as part of a multi-drug overdose in a suicide attempt. During his hospital course, he suffered two cardiopulmonary arrests approximately 24 hours after ingestion. Neurological examination was excessively poor relative to imaging studies and was notable for absent brainstem reflexes. He was treated with targeted temperature management and lipid emulsion therapy with rapid improvement. He was eventually discharged after making a complete neurological recovery. Conclusion: Bupropion is a unique clinical confounder and may be associated with a disproportionately poor neurological examination in the setting of intoxication. Many factors should be considered in the approach to evaluation, treatment, and prognostication of these patients.
Latha, M.,Devi, R. Aruna,Velumani, S.,Oza, Goldie,Reyes-Figueroa, P.,Rohini, M.,Becerril-Juarez, I. G.,Yi, Junsin American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.11
<P>Chalcopyrite CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing copper (I) chloride (CuCl), Indium (III) chloride (InCl3), gallium (III) chloride (GaCl3) and selenium (Se) in oleylamine (OLA) at 260 degrees C for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The Ga/(In + Ga) ratio was tuned across the entire stoichiometric range from 0 to 1. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed chalcopyrite crystal structure for samples prepared with x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1. The lattice parameters a and c decreased linearly with increasing Ga concentration which is consistent with Vegard's law. Raman spectra exhibited A(1) optical phonon vibrational mode for synthesized nanoparticles which gradually shifted to higher wavenumber with increasing Ga content. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed irregular as well as hexagonal plate like morphologies in the size range of 100 to 400 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images showed well-defined lattice fringes and d-spacing correspond to (112) plane which gradually decreases with increasing Ga content. The material compositions of synthesized CIGS nanoparticles with x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 were very close to the desired stoichiometry which was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Ultra-violet visible near infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) absorption spectra of the synthesized CIGS nanoparticles revealed that the bandgap could be tuned over the range 1 to 1.7 eV by varying the Ga/(In+Ga) ratio.</P>