Development of Agricultural Cooperative in Cambodia - Lessons from South Korea -

리치 시던(Reach Syden),이미숙(Mi Sook Lee) 한국농촌지도학회 2016 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.23 No.2

캄보디아는 동남아시아에 위치한 농업중심 국가로 농업부문의 개발과 성장을 통한 빈곤감소와 경제성장에 크게 관심을 두고 있다. 특히 쌀 수출 목표(백만톤/2015)를 달성하기 위해 정부의 강력한 홍보 및 새로운 농업협동조합을 창설하였다. 그러나 현재 정부, 비정부기구 및 민간 부문에서 강력한 지지가 있으나 농업분야 성장이 느리게 진행되고 있고 농협의 운영상의 문제점도 제기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 한국 농협의 발전을 교훈 삼아 캄보디아 농협운영에 대한 개선책을 찾고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 캄보디아의 농업개발정책을 살펴보고, 양국의 농협발전 과정과 비교를 통해 캄보디아 농협 운영시스템을 개선하기 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시한다. 분석의 기준은 양국의 농협설립과 운영시스템, 정부와 민간의 개입 정도, 농협의 발전과정과 지역사회개발에 있어 농협의 기여 정도에 관하여 비교하였다. 연구결과 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시한다. 첫째, 캄보디아 정부가 협력 사업의 운영 및 관리 체계를 강화해야 하며, 캄보디아 농협과 농협연맹(ACF) 의 통합을 제안한다. 둘째 공동 관리 및 운영은 정부가 권한을 가지며, 농업관련 부서는 지역사회수준에서 농협의 지원 및 관리 모니터링 시스템을 강화하여야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 정부관점에서 협력위원회의 역량을 강화하기 위해 매년 전략 계획을 수립하고 정부가 표준 농산물 시장 가격을 보장하고 농협에 대한 농업협력사업진행을 위한 예산 지원 및 생산자와 구매자 사이의 정기적인 회의 등 합리적인 의사전달체계를 마련하여야 할 것이다. The study Development of the Agricultural Cooperative in Cambodia seek to explore the progress of agricultural cooperative( AC) development in Cambodia and South Korea. The experiences of Korea AC development are used to improve the Cambodian ACs. The results of study gave a lessons that the Korea ACs, which were multipurpose cooperatives were formed and owned by the government and had been considered as a successful development strategy for rural and agricultural development. As the government directly managed the businesses and other operations, available budgets, close with monitoring, and active member’s participation the AC in Korea progressed rapidly for both the members and business scopes and it hugely contributed to rural development of Korea. For the future development of AC in Cambodia recommendations based on lessons from Korea AC will give a message to government and NGO. Rural Development always related with farmer’s life. To live well in rural area provide effective mechanism to income increase. To development of AC in Cambodia is future of rural development.

An Assessment of Women Agricultural Cooperatives in Western Provinces of Cambodia

시던 리치(Syden Reach),이미숙(Lee Misook) 영남대학교 박정희새마을연구원 2019 새마을학연구 Vol.4 No.2

캄보디아 여성 경제개발 프로젝트 II(CWED II)는 여성 농업협동조합(WACs)을 운영하는 여성들의 관리 역량 강화에 초점을 두고, CWED I의 지원을 받은 17개의 WACs 사업을 지속적으로 지원하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 CWED II를 통해 지원되는 17개 WACs의 운영과정, 의사결정과 회원의 참여, 조합장의 역량, 재정운영체제, 사업성과를 분석하고 문제점을 도출하여 향후 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다. 분석대상은 95명의 이사 및 운영위원(50명의 여성)과 선별된 4개 주의 농림수산국(PDAFF) 농협개발 사무소 대표자 4명이며, 분석방법은 포커스 그룹 인터뷰(FGI)와 사업 평가를 위해 계량화된 질문지를 통해 수집한 2차 자료를 활용하였다. 평가 결과, WACs의 이사(BoD)와 운영위원(SC)은 WACs 사업의 운영 및 사업관리 측면에서 제한적인 역량을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이사와 운영위원들은 WACs 활동의 재정적 의사결정 및 관리에 대한 재량권을 갖고 있고 독립적이지만, 모든 WACs의 핵심사업인 농업 투입 공급, 대출 및 저축사업의 성과는 여전히 미약한 상태에 있다. 이러한 평가 결과를 바탕으로, WACs의 운영 성과를 증진시키기 위해서는 관리위원회에 대한 기술적인 지원, 재무교육, 대출 및 저축 프로그램에 대한 관리위원회의 역량 강화, 사업관리에 대한 기술교육이 WACs 관리위원회에 제공되어야 할 것이다. The Cooperation for Women’s Economic Development Project phase II (CWED II) is focused on improving business capacity of women in running the Women Agricultural Cooperatives (WACs) and enabling business environment for supporting sustainability of 17 WACs which have been supported by LWD in CWED I. This assessment aims to assess the status of 17 women agricultural cooperatives supported by the CWED II project which included management process, decision making and member participation, capacity of WAC leaders in operational management, financial management system, business performance and challenges faced by the WACs. Qualitative method was used to conduct the assessment. The data were collected from focus group interview (FGI) involved by 95 BoD and SC members (50 females) of the WACs and in-depth interview with 4 representatives of Office of Agricultural Cooperative Development of PDAFF in the 4 selected provinces. In addition, secondary data were collected and added to the assessment results. The result of assessment showed that the BoD and SC members of the studied WACs have limited capacity in terms of operational and business management of the WAC businesses. Even though the BoD and SC members have ownership and independent in financial decision making and management of WAC activities, the performance of agricultural input supply and loan and saving businesses, which is the core business of all WACs, are still in weak position. Based on the assessment result, the study proposed follow recommendation to improve the operational performance of the WACs. Technical assistance to management committees, financial literacy training, capacity of management committees in loan and savings program, and technical training on business management should be provided to WAC management committees.

INFRARED AND OPTICAL IMAGINGS OF THE COMET 2P/ENCKE DUST CLOUD IN THE 2003 RETURN

Sarugaku, Yuki,Ishiguro, Masateru,Ueno, Munetaka,Usui, Fumihiko,Reach, William T. IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.804 No.2

<P>We report contemporaneous imaging observations of the short-period comet 2P/Encke in infrared and optical wavelengths during the 2003 return. Both images show the same unique morphology consisting of a spiky dust cloud near the nucleus and a dust trail extending along the orbit. We conducted a dynamical simulation of dust particles to characterize the morphology and found that dust particles were ejected intensively for a short duration (less than or similar to 10 days) a few days after perihelion passage. The maximum particle size is at least on the order of 1 cm in radius following a differential power-law size distribution with an index of -3.2 to -3.6. The total mass ejected in the 2003 return is at least 1.5 x 10(9) -1.2 x 10(10) kg, which corresponds to 0.003%-0.03% of the nucleus mass. We derived the albedo of the dust cloud as 0.01-0.04 at a solar phase angle of 26 degrees. 2, which is consistent with or possibly greater than that of the nucleus. We suppose that impulsive activity such as an outburst is a key to understanding the peculiar appearance of 2P/Encke.</P>

Physical properties of giant molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Hughes, A.,Wong, T.,Ott, J.,Muller, E.,Pineda, J. L.,Mizuno, Y.,Bernard, J.-P.,Paradis, D.,Maddison, S.,Reach, W. T.,Staveley-Smith, L.,Kawamura, A.,Meixner, M.,Kim, S.,Onishi, T.,Mizuno, N.,Fukui, Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.406 No.3

<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>The Magellanic Mopra Assessment (MAGMA) is a high angular resolution <SUP>12</SUP>CO (<I>J</I>= 1 → 0) mapping survey of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud using the Mopra Telescope. Here we report on the basic physical properties of 125 GMCs in the LMC that have been surveyed to date. The observed clouds exhibit scaling relations that are similar to those determined for Galactic GMCs, although LMC clouds have narrower linewidths and lower CO luminosities than Galactic clouds of a similar size. The average mass surface density of the LMC clouds is 50 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> pc<SUP>−2</SUP>, approximately half that of GMCs in the inner Milky Way. We compare the properties of GMCs with and without signs of massive star formation, finding that non-star-forming GMCs have lower peak CO brightness than star-forming GMCs. We compare the properties of GMCs with estimates for local interstellar conditions: specifically, we investigate the H <SMALL>I</SMALL> column density, radiation field, stellar mass surface density and the external pressure. Very few cloud properties demonstrate a clear dependence on the environment; the exceptions are significant positive correlations between (i) the H <SMALL>I</SMALL> column density and the GMC velocity dispersion, (ii) the stellar mass surface density and the average peak CO brightness and (iii) the stellar mass surface density and the CO surface brightness. The molecular mass surface density of GMCs without signs of massive star formation shows no dependence on the local radiation field, which is inconsistent with the photoionization-regulated star formation theory proposed by McKee. We find some evidence that the mass surface density of the MAGMA clouds increases with the interstellar pressure, as proposed by Elmegreen, but the detailed predictions of this model are not fulfilled once estimates for the local radiation field, metallicity and GMC envelope mass are taken into account.</P>