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Galen T. Trail,Yu Kyoum Kim,Priscila Alfaro-Barrantes 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2024 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.9 No.1
Historically, researchers in the sport management area have used covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) when testing complex models. Recently, researchers have been using partial least squares path modeling (often called PLS-SEM) more frequently. The purpose of this paper was to advise sport man-agement researchers about what approach to use by comparing PLS-SEM versus CB-SEM analytical techniques on the two different types of models: a formative (composite indicator) multigroupmodel and, a formative (composite indicator) continuous interactionmodel. We collected data from individuals (N = 1155) in the New England area (USA). After testing a base model, a multigroup model, and a continuous interaction model, we feel that PLS-SEM is the better choice for sport management researchers when test-ing formative models that use a composite variable. Our research shows when and why each technique works, in addition to show-ing that PLS-SEM moderation and multigroup models with forma-tive items can work in the R statistical software.1. IntroductionHistorically, researchers in the sport management area have used covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) when testing models that were assumed to include error, have a solid theoretical framework, and were interested in “confirming” a structural model, including measurement models (e.g. Asada & Ko, 2019; Bang et al., 2019; Chang et al., 2020; Jones & Byon, 2020; Larkin et al., 2015; among many others). Recently, however, some in the sport management field have been using a variance-based estimation method, partial least squares path modeling (often called PLS-SEM), in situations where the use of CB-SEM was either difficult or PLS-SEM seemed like a more feasible analytic technique (e.g. Kim et al., 2018; King et al., 2017; Koo & Lee, 2019). However, Rigdon et al. (2017) noted, “the choice of © 2022 Global alliance of Marketing & Management associations (GaMMa)CONTACTGalen t. trail trailg@seattleu.edu Sport administration & leadership, Seattle university, Seattle, Wa, uSahttps://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2022.2098802ARTICLE HISTORYReceived 28 September 2021Revised 6 May 2022Accepted 21 May 2022KEYWORDSCB-SEM; PLS-SEM; formative multigroup model; formative continuous interaction model; R statistical software
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