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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Pezzoli, Lorenzo (검색결과 3 건)
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Oral cholera vaccine in cholera prevention and control, Malawi
M’bangombe, Maurice,Pezzoli, Lorenzo,Reeder, Bruce,Kabuluzi, Storn,Msyamboza, Kelias,Masuku, Humphreys,Ngwira, Bagrey,Cavailler, Philippe,Grandesso, Francesco,Palomares, Adriana,Beck, Namseon,Shaffer, World Health Organization 2018 Bulletin of the World Health Organization Vol.96 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Problem</B></P><P>With limited global supplies of oral cholera vaccine, countries need to identify priority areas for vaccination while longer-term solutions, such as water and sanitation infrastructure, are being developed.</P><P><B>Approach</B></P><P>In 2017, Malawi integrated oral cholera vaccine into its national cholera control plan. The process started with a desk review and analysis of previous surveillance and risk factor data. At a consultative meeting, researchers, national health and water officials and representatives from nongovernmental and international organizations reviewed the data and local epidemiological knowledge to determine priority districts for oral cholera vaccination. The final stage was preparation of an application to the global oral cholera vaccine stockpile for non-emergency use.</P><P><B>Local setting</B></P><P>Malawi collects annual data on cholera and most districts have reported cases at least once since the 1970s.</P><P><B>Relevant changes</B></P><P>The government’s application for 3.2 million doses of vaccine to be provided over 20 months in 12 districts was accepted in April 2017. By April 2018, over 1 million doses had been administered in five districts. Continuing surveillance in districts showed that cholera outbreaks were notably absent in vaccinated high-risk areas, despite a national outbreak in 2017–2018.</P><P><B>Lessons learnt</B></P><P>Augmenting advanced mapping techniques with local information helped us extend priority areas beyond those identified as high-risk based on cholera incidence reported at the district level. Involvement of the water, sanitation and hygiene sectors is key to ensuring that short-term gains from cholera vaccine are backed by longer-term progress in reducing cholera transmission.</P>
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Bi, Qifang,Ferreras, Eva,Pezzoli, Lorenzo,Legros, Dominique,Ivers, Louise C,Date, Kashmira,Qadri, Firdausi,Digilio, Laura,Sack, David A,Ali, Mohammad,Lessler, Justin,Luquero, Francisco J,Azman, Andrew Elsevier Science ;, The Lancet Pub. Group 2017 LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.17 No.10
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (kOCVs) are becoming a standard cholera control and prevention tool. However, vaccine efficacy and direct effectiveness estimates have varied, with differences in study design, location, follow-up duration, and vaccine composition posing challenges for public health decision making. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to generate average estimates of kOCV efficacy and direct effectiveness from the available literature.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Review Library on July 9, 2016, and ISI Web of Science on July 11, 2016, for randomised controlled trials and observational studies that reported estimates of direct protection against medically attended confirmed cholera conferred by kOCVs. We included studies published on any date in English, Spanish, French, or Chinese. We extracted from the published reports the primary efficacy and effectiveness estimates from each study and also estimates according to number of vaccine doses, duration, and age group. The main study outcome was average efficacy and direct effectiveness of two kOCV doses, which we estimated with random-effect models. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016048232.</P><P><B>Findings</B></P><P>Seven trials (with 695 patients with cholera) and six observational studies (217 patients with cholera) met the inclusion criteria, with an average two-dose efficacy of 58% (95% CI 42–69, <I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP>=58%) and effectiveness of 76% (62–85, <I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP>=0). Average two-dose efficacy in children younger than 5 years (30% [95% CI 15–42], <I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP>=0%) was lower than in those 5 years or older (64% [58–70], <I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP>=0%; p<0·0001). Two-dose efficacy estimates of kOCV were similar during the first 2 years after vaccination, with estimates of 56% (95% CI 42–66, <I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP>=45%) in the first year and 59% (49–67, <I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP>=0) in the second year. The efficacy reduced to 39% (13 to 57, <I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP>=48%) in the third year, and 26% (−46 to 63, <I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP>=74%) in the fourth year.</P><P><B>Interpretation</B></P><P>Two kOCV doses provide protection against cholera for at least 3 years. One kOCV dose provides at least short-term protection, which has important implications for outbreak management. kOCVs are effective tools for cholera control.</P><P><B>Funding</B></P><P>The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</P>
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Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction: Myths and realities
Alessia Celeste Bocchino,Marta Pezzoli,Juan Ignacio Martínez-Salamanca,Giorgio Ivan Russo,Arturo Lo Giudice,Andrea Cocci 대한비뇨의학회 2023 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.64 No.2
To review the evidence of clinical efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). A search on PubMed using Medical Subject Headings terms [((low intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy) OR (Li-ESWT)) AND (erectile dysfunction)] was conducted in August 2022, to obtain studies on the use of Li-ESWT for the treatment of ED. Its success rate in terms of International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score and Erection Hardness Score (EHS) improvement was recorded and analysed. A total of 139 articles were reviewed. Overall, 52 studies were included in the final review. 17 studies were on vasculogenic ED, 5 on post pelvic surgery ED, 4 specifically on ED in diabetic patients, 24 on non-specified origin ED and 2 on mixed pathophysiological origin ED. The mean age of patients was 55.87±7.91 (standard deviation) years and the duration of ED was 4.36±2.08 years. The mean IIEF-5 score went from 12.04±2.67 at baseline to 16.12±5.72, 16.30±3.26 and 16.85±1.63 respectively at 3, 6 and 12 months. The mean EHS went from 2.00±0.46 at baseline to 2.58±0.60, 2.75±0.46 and 2.87±0.16 respectively at 3, 6 and 12 months. Li-ESWT may be a safe and efficacy option for the treatment and cure of ED. Further studies are needed to assess which patients are more suitable for this procedure and which Li-ESWT protocol can lead to the best outcomes.
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