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        Gender Differences in the Bem Sex-Role Inventory among High School Students: Implications for School Counselors

        Namok Choi,Hongryun Woo,Joseph Petrosko 한국상담학회 2020 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.10 No.1

        This study examined the factor structure of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and the gender differences in masculinity and femininity among high school students (N = 379) in a Midwestern state in the U.S. Principal component analyses suggested a three-factor model (Femininity, Personal Masculinity, and Social Masculinity). Findings also showed that females in this study rated their femininity and masculinity significantly higher than males. When compared to the means reported in existing studies, males in this study had significantly lower ratings of their masculinity, while females had a significantly higher means on masculinity than the female sample in Bem’s 1974 study. Implications for school counselors and counseling researchers are discussed.

      • Direct Observation of Plasmon-Induced Interfacial Charge Separation in Metal/Semiconductor Hybrid Nanostructures by Measuring Surface Potentials

        Lee, Seung-Hoon,Lee, Seung Woo,Oh, Taegon,Petrosko, Sarah Hurst,Mirkin, Chad A.,Jang, Jae-Won American Chemical Society 2018 Nano letters Vol.18 No.1

        <P>Plasmon-induced interfacial charge separation (PICS) is one of the key processes responsible for the improved conversion efficiencies of energy-harvesting devices that incorporate metal nanostructures. In this Letter, we reveal a mechanism of PICS by visualizing (with nanometer-scale resolution) and characterizing plasmon-exciton coupling between <I>p</I>-type poly(pyrrole) (PPy) nanowires (NWs) and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) using light-irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Under blue-light irradiation, the Ag NPs are expected to donate electrons to the PPy NWs via a hot electron injection process. However, in this Letter, we observe that under blue-light irradiation the plasmonically and excitonically excited electrons in the semiconductor back-transfer to the metal. The PICS in this system can be explained by comparing it with a similar one where Au NPs are attached to <I>n</I>-type ZnO NWs; we observed a net electron transfer from the Au NPs to the ZnO NWs (an upward band bending is formed at the interface of the two materials, presumably obstructing electron back-transfer). Indeed, energy band matching between the metal and the semiconductor components of hybrid nanostructures influences PICS pathways. These experimental findings and our proposed mechanism consistently explain the PICS occurring in the PPy NW-Ag NP system with important implications on explaining their cooperative optoelectronic activities.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

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