Foreign Aid Flows and Real Exchange Rate - Evidence from Syria

H. ISSA;B. OUATTARA 경제연구소 2008 Journal of Economic Development Vol.33 No.1

This paper uses time series data from Syria for the period 1965 to 1997 to test the aid and “Dutch disease” hypothesis. We employ the relatively new approach to cointegration, known as the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. We find no support for this hypothesis neither in the long run nor in the short run. On the contrary, our results indicate that foreign aid flows are associated with depreciation of the real exchange rate. The main policy implication, based on the long run results, is that Syria can continue to receive aid without fears of impairing its export competitiveness.

COVID-19 경제위기와 기업의 이익조정

심호석,Ouattara Kigninliman Aime 공주대학교 KNU 기업경영연구소 2023 기업경영리뷰 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 2020년 3월에 창궐한 COVID-19가(이후 코로나로 칭함) 유행한 기간에 우리나라 상장기업의 이익조정을 검증한다. 코로나는 전세계적으로 사람들의 일상적인 활동을 급속히 위축시킴으로써 글로벌 경제위기(economic crisis)를 촉발시켰다. 회계는 자본주의 시장경제의 인프라로서 기업활동을 기록하여 보고하는 절차이다. 코로나는 회계보고환경에도 영향을 미치고 있다. 이에 회계학자들은 코로나에 직면하여 기업의 재무보고행태가 어떻게 변하는지 연구하고 있다. 다양한 시각에서 다양한 연구들이 행해지고 있는 바, 본 연구는 코로나시기에 기업의 이익조정의 관점에서 접근한다. 본 연구는 코로나시기의 기업의 이익조정방향을 분석한다. 기업이 상향 또는 하향이익조정을 하는지, 얼마나 이익조정을 하는지 검증한다. 코로나시기에는 그 이전에 비해 기업실적이 저조하여 상향조정을 할 것으로 그리고 이익조정정도가 클 것으로 추론한다. 이익조정액을 측정하여 코로나 이전과 비교하기 위해 빈도분석과 다변량회귀분석을 실행한다. 선행연구들이 분기분석에 집중한데 비해 본 연구는 연차분석으로 확장한다. 빈도분석결과, 코로나 첫 연도인 2020년에는 상향조정빈도가 기대보다 높고 2021년에는 하향조정빈도가 기대보다 높게 나타났다. 회귀분석결과, 2020년의 경우 그 이전에 비해 상향조정을 한 것으로, 2021년의 경우 그 이전에 비해 하향조정을 한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 CFO모형으로 재량발생액을 측정한 결과와도 동일하였다. 코로나가 발발한 연도인 2020년의 경우 실적이 급락하여 이를 만회하기 위해 상향조정을 한 것으로 판단되며, 2021년의 경우 백신의 공급으로 일상이 회복되어 실적이 나아지자 직전연도에 부풀린 이익을 되돌린 것으로 해석된다. 나아가 코로나시기의 실질활동이익조정을 조사해 보았다. 흥미롭게도 코로나시기의 실질활동이익조정은 그 이전과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 코로나시기에 기업의 이익조정은 실질활동조정이 아니라 발생액조정을 통해서 이루어진 것으로 여겨진다. 그 이유는 거리두기(distancing)나 격리(quarantine) 등과 같은 방역조치 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 방역조치로 인해 기업 내부적으로나 외부적으로 실질활동에 인위적인 변화를 주기가 어려웠기 때문일 것이다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 공헌점을 갖는다. 첫째, 경제적 재난시기에 기업의 이익조정행태를 연구했다는 점이다. 둘째, 선행연구들은 2020년 1-2분기에 집중한데 반해 본 연구는 연차로 연구기간을 확대했다는 점이다. 마지막으로, 코로나시기의 이익조정은 실질활동조정보다는 발생액조정을 통해 이루어지고 있다는 것을 발견하였다는 점이다.

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, HUMAN CAPITAL AND DISTANCE TO FRONTIER IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

M. DANQUAH,B. OUATTARA 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2014 Journal of Economic Development Vol.39 No.4

We examine the contribution of human capital to productivity growth, innovation and adoption of technology for a sample of SSA countries between 1960 and 2003. We find that human capital does not exert statistically significant effect on productivity growth. However, after decomposing total factor productivity into its main components, our results show that the effect of human capital on efficiency change is positive and statistically significant; whilst its effect on technical change is statistically insignificant. Our results also show that proximity to the frontier is a significant determinant of productivity growth in SSA, but the growth enhancing effects of human capital as countries move closer to the frontier is insignificant.

COMPARISON OF STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACHES FOR ESTIMATING NATIONAL EFFICIENCY: AN APPLICATION TO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

MICHAEL DANQUAH,BAZOUMANA OUATTARA 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2018 Journal of Economic Development Vol.43 No.3

In this paper, we attempt to estimate pure national (technical) efficiency for 19 SSA countries over the 1960-2010 periods. In doing this, we compare conventional stochastic frontier models for panel data with a number of recently developed models which seek to control for unobserved heterogeneity in the inefficiency component. We find that the ‘true’ random effects model that treats unobserved heterogeneity in our national dataset generates more reasonable efficiency estimates. Moreover the results confirm that most SSA countries operate far from the efficient frontier.

FOREIGN AID FLOWS AND REAL EXCHANGE RATE : EVIDENCE FROM SYRIA

H.Issa,B.Ouattara 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2008 Journal of Economic Development Vol.33 No.1

This paper uses time series data from Syria for the period 1965 to 1997 to test the aid and “Dutch disease” hypothesis. We employ the relatively new approach to cointegration, known as the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. We find no support for this hypothesis neither in the long run nor in the short run. On the contrary, our results indicate that foreign aid flows are associated with depreciation of the real exchange rate. The main policy implication, based on the long run results, is that Syria can continue to receive aid without fears of impairing its export competitiveness.

Occurrence of Multidrug Resistance in Campylobacter from Ivorian Poultry and Analysis of Bacterial Response to Acid Shock

Bernadette Gblossi Goualié,Honoré Gnenequidou Ouattara,Eric Essoh Akpa,Nathalie kouadio Guessends,Souleymane Bakayoko,Sébastien Lamine Niamké,Mireille Dosso 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.4

The level of antibiotic multiresistance ofCampylobacter strains from chicken was evaluated andresponses to the bactericidal effects of organic acids wereanalyzed. Strains (76) isolated from chicken were analyzedfor resistance to antibiotics and acid shock. A high strainresistance to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and nalidixicacid) was observed, with cross resistance to both drugs in41% of strains. A low resistance was observed for amoxicillin,erythromycin, and gentamicin. Campylobacter jejuni wasthe most resistant species. Antibacterial activities againstmultiresistant Campylobacter strains were observed usingacetic, citric, and ascorbic acids at minimum bactericidalconcentrations (MBC) ranging from 0.3 to 3 mg/mL. Acetic acid was the most efficient acid with the lowestMBC value. However, a contact time of 4 h was requiredfor an efficient effect against Campylobacter contaminatedchicken skin. Using organic acids in the poultry productionchain can reduce propagation of antibiotic multiresistantstrains of Campylobacter.

Courses Recommendation Algorithm Based On Performance Prediction In E-Learning

Koffi, Dagou Dangui Augustin Sylvain Legrand,Ouattara, Nouho,Mambe, Digrais Moise,Oumtanaga, Souleymane,ADJE, Assohoun International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.2

The effectiveness of recommendation systems depends on the performance of the algorithms with which these systems are designed. The quality of the algorithms themselves depends on the quality of the strategies with which they were designed. These strategies differ from author to author. Thus, designing a good recommendation system means implementing the good strategies. It's in this context that several research works have been proposed on various strategies applied to algorithms to meet the needs of recommendations. Researchers are trying indefinitely to address this objective of seeking the qualities of recommendation algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for recommending learning items. Learner performance predictions and collaborative recommendation methods are used as strategies for this algorithm. The proposed performance prediction model is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). The results of the performance predictions are used by the proposed recommendation algorithm. The results of the predictions obtained show the efficiency of Deep Learning compared to the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm. The proposed recommendation algorithm improves the recommendations of the learners' learning items. This algorithm also has the particularity of dissuading learning items in the learner's profile that are deemed inadequate for his or her training.

Biochemical changes associated with the fermentation of baobab seeds in Maari: An alkaline fermented seeds condiment from western Africa

Charles Parkouda,Fatoumata Ba/Hama,Laurencia Ouattara/Songre,Kwaku Tano-Debrah,Brehima Diawara 한국식품연구원 2015 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.2 No.2

Chemical changes during the fermentation of baobab seeds for production of Maari, a food condiment used in West Africa, were studied. Results showed a wide variety of free amino acids including essential amino acids in the unfermented seeds. Fermentation led to an increase in the concentration of total free amino acids from 16.03 nmol/mg in unfermented seeds to 113.24 nmol/mg after 60 hours of fermentation followed by a decrease thereafter. Fluctuations in the concentrations of each compound were observed during the fermentation period. Differences were also observed in the final products from different production sites with the Gorgadji sample showing the highest content in free amino acids. The output of the oil extraction was 11.5–25.8%. A total of seven fatty acids were identified, with oleic acid being quantitatively the major fatty acid. The results showed a much higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fatty acids. The preponderant fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. These four fatty acids constitute approximately 90% of the composition of Maari. The transformations of amino acids and fatty acids revealed during the fermentation of the seeds during this study will contribute to understanding its contribution to the nutrition of its consumers.

Multiparity and Breast Cancer Risk Factor among Women in Burkina Faso

Zoure, Abdou Azaque,Bambara, Aboubacar Hierrhum,Sawadogo, Alexis Yobi,Ouattara, Abdoul Karim,Ouedraogo, Marie,Traore, Si Simon,Bakri, Youssef,Simpore, Jacques Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.12

The relative lack of information on breast cancer etiology in Burkina Faso led us to undertake the present work to highlight risk factors. This prospective study was conducted using a questionnaire between January 2015 and February 2016 on women admitted to Yalgado OUEDRAOGO hospital, for consultation or supervision. The characteristics of multiparous breast cancer patients (n = 44) were compared with their non-multiparous counterparts (n = 36). The study found that increased risk of breast cancer among non-multiparous cases was related to body mass index (BMI) (p <0.001), age at menopause (p <0.004) and use of oral contraception (p <0.021) while abortion (p <0.002) was a risk factor among multiparous cases. These results suggest that even if multiparity is associated with a decreased risk in some women, avoidance of abortion during reproductive life should be recommended. The results provide preliminary information, which now need to be supplemented by survey of a larger sample in the national territory.

Electrochemical Oxidation of Amoxicillin in Its Commercial Formulation on Thermally Prepared RuO₂/Ti

Auguste, Appia Foffie Thiery,Quand-Meme, Gnamba Corneil,Ollo, Kambire,Mohamed, Berte,Sahi placide, Sadia,Ibrahima, Sanogo,Lassine, Ouattara The Korean Electrochemical Society 2016 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.7 No.1

In this work, a ruthenium dioxide electrode has been prepared by thermal decomposition at 400 ℃ then used for the oxidation of commercial amoxicillin. The physical characterization showed that RuO₂ electrode presents a mud cracked structure. Its electrochemical characterization has revealed an increase of the voltammetric charge in acid electrolyte compared to neutral electrolyte indicating the importance of protons in its surface redox processes. The voltammetric study of the oxidation of amoxicillin has been investigated. It has been obtained that the oxidation of amoxicillin is controlled by both adsorption and diffusion processes. Moreover, the oxidation of amoxicillin occurs via direct and indirect processes in free or electrolyte containing chlorides. Through preparative electrolysis, enhancement of amoxicillin oxidation was observed in the presence of chloride where the amoxicillin degradation yield reached more than 50 % compared to less than 5% in the absence of chlorides. Spectrophotometric investigations have revealed the degradation of intermediates absorbing at 350 nm.