Determination of PAHs, PCBs, Minerals, Trace Elements, and Fatty Acids in Rapana thomasiana as an Indication of Pollution

Namiesnik, Jacek,Szefer, Piotr,Sliwka-Kaszynska, Magdalena,Moncheva, Snejana,Arancibia-Avila, Patricia,Toledo, Fernando,Ham, Kyung-Sik,Kang, Seong-Gook,Gorinstein, Shela Oxford University Press 2010 Journal of AOAC International Vol.93 No.5

<B>Abstract</B><P>The aim of this investigation was to introduce several analytical methods for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), minerals, trace elements, and fatty acids in Rapana thomasiana as a marine pollution indicator organism. The chemical differences of the gastropod Ra. thomasiana from polluted and nonpolluted sites of the Black Sea on the Bulgarian coast were investigated. Chromatography and high-resolution inductively coupled plasma/MS analyses were used for evaluation of PAHs, PCBs, fatty acids, minerals, and trace elements. These methods can be applied to other marine products.</P>

Organic and Conventional Kiwifruit, Myths versus Reality: Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Health Effects

Park, Yong Seo,Ham, Kyung-Sik,Kang, Seong-Gook,Park, Yang-Kyun,Namiesnik, Jacek,Leontowicz, Hanna,Leontowicz, Maria,Ezra, Aviva,Trakhtenberg, Simon,Gorinstein, Shela American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.60 No.28

<P>Comparison between organic and conventional kiwifruit cultivars ‘Hayward’ and ‘Bidan’, which was done by four radical scavenging assays, ESI-MS, and DSC measurements, showed significant differences between the cultivars. Such results were not estimated in kiwifruit growing under organic and conventional conditions. The extraction of bioactive compounds was done by two different methods: sequential extraction with ethyl acetate followed by methanol and maceration with methanol and ethyl acetate. The highest yield of polyphenols was found in the new cultivar ‘Bidan’ in comparison with the classic ‘Hayward’, by direct extraction with methanol. This is the first investigation of ‘Bidan’ kiwifruit cultivar, grown under organic conditions and compared with ‘Hayward’ organic. High contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of the two kiwifruit cultivars justify their use as sources of valuable antioxidants. It is necessary to continue this study as a long-term experiment to eliminate the influence of seasonality.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2012/jafcau.2012.60.issue-28/jf3010614/production/images/medium/jf-2012-010614_0006.gif'></P>

Chemical composition, antioxidant and anticancer effects of the seeds and leaves of indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Ait.) plant.

Jang, Hong-Gi,Heo, Buk-Gu,Park, Yong Seo,Namiesnik, Jacek,Barasch, Dinorah,Katrich, Elena,Vearasilp, Kann,Trakhtenberg, Simon,Gorinstein, Shela Humana Press 2012 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.167 No.7

<P>Seeds and leaves of indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Ait.) plant were investigated and compared with another medicinal plant named prolipid for their properties such as chemical composition, antioxidant, and anticancer effects by Fourier transform infrared, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization-MS in negative mode. It was found that polyphenols, flavonoids, and flavanols were significantly higher in prolipid (P<0.05), following by indigo mature leaves, immature leaves, and seeds. Methanol extract of mature indigo leaves in comparison with the ethyl acetate extract showed higher inhibition of proliferation. The interaction between polyphenol extracts of indigo mature leaves and BSA showed that indigo has a strong ability, as other widely used medicinal plants, to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by forming complexes. In conclusion, indigo mature leaves were compared with prolipid. High content of bioactive compounds, antioxidant, fluorescence, and antiproliferative properties of indigo justifies the use of this plant as a medicinal plant and a new source of antioxidants.</P>

The thermostability, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of some vegetables subjected to different durations of boiling: Investigation in vitro

Im, M.H.,Park, Y.S.,Leontowicz, H.,Leontowicz, M.,Namiesnik, J.,Ham, K.S.,Kang, S.G.,Najman, K.,Gorinstein, S. Academic Press, etc 2011 LWT- Food science and technology Vol.44 No.1

This research was performed in order to compare the water and acetone extracts of raw and boiled for 10, 20, 40 and 60 min Korean lotus roots (KLR) and Polish white onion (PWO) in the contents of their bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and thermostability. It was found that polyphenols (mg GAE/g), flavanols (μg GAE/g), flavonoids (mg CE/g), anthocyanins (mg CGE/kg) and tannins (mg CE/g) in water extract of raw lotus roots were 14.18 +/- 0.7, 8.41 +/- 0.5, 1.09 +/- 0.06, 21.3 +/- 1.2 and 7.29 +/- 0.4, and of white onion - 11.11 +/- 0.6, 6.78 +/- 0.3, 0.71 +/- 0.03, 17.00 +/- 0.9 and 1.64 +/- 0.08, respectively, and significantly higher in KLR (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activity of raw KLR water extract (139.4 +/- 6.1, 53.1 +/- 3.6 and 89.3 +/- 4.6 μmol TE/g for DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS, respectively) was significantly higher than in white onion (23.84 +/- 1.8, 31.9 +/- 2.1 and 38.14 +/- 2.6 for DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS, respectively, P < 0.05). The thermostability of the water KLR extract's of polyphenols, flavanols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins was high and even after 60 min of boiling remains as 40.0, 42.3, 50.5, 41.4 and 41.0%, respectively. After 60 min of boiling the most thermostable compounds were flavonoids - remaining at 50.5% in water extract of KLR. Also after 60 min of boiling the thermostability of the antioxidant activity of water extracts of KLR remained significantly high: 40.6, 42.3, 46.3 and 43.6%, according to DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and CUPRAC assays, respectively. Similar relationship was obtained with acetone extracts, but the value was lower than with the water ones. In conclusion, the contents of some bioactive compounds, the antioxidant activity and the thermostability in water and acetone extracts of KLR are significantly higher than the same indices in PWO. FTIR and fluorimetry can be used as additional markers for the characterization of bioactive compounds in vegetables.

Nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of bioactive compounds in organic and conventional growing kiwifruit.

Park, Yong Seo,Im, Myang Hee,Ham, Kyung-Sik,Kang, Seong-Gook,Park, Yang-Kyun,Namiesnik, Jacek,Leontowicz, Hanna,Leontowicz, Maria,Katrich, Elena,Gorinstein, Shela Kluwer Academic 2013 Plant foods for human nutrition Vol.68 No.1

<P>The bioactivity of two kiwifruit's cultivars growing under organic and conventional conditions were studied and compared. The bioactive compounds were extracted with water and ethanol using similar conditions which are applied in pharmaceutical applications and for daily fruit consumption such as tea drink. Antioxidant radical scavenging assays [ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP); cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC); 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)], fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet spectroscopy, two (2D-FL) and three-dimensional (3D-FL) fluorometry were used for the detection of biologically active metabolites derived from kiwifruits (total phenols, flavonoids, chlorophylls, carotenoids and ascorbic acid). The correlation between the total phenol content (TPC) and other bioactive compounds, and their total antioxidant capacities (TAC) was calculated for studied kiwifruit's extracts. The interaction between drugs and human serum albumin (HSA) plays an important role in the distribution and metabolism of drugs. The properties of kiwifruit's phenol extracts showed their ability to quench HSA, forming the complexes similar to the ones between the proteins and pure flavonoids such as quercetin. The cultivar 'Bidan' exhibited significantly higher TAC than the classic 'Hayward'. In conclusion, for the first time 'Bidan' organic kiwifruit was analyzed and compared with widely consumed 'Hayward', using its bioactive and fluorescence properties. The influence of physiologically active kiwifruit's compounds on human health, through our investigations in vitro and scientifically proven information, was explained. Relatively high content of bioactive compounds, high antioxidant and fluorescence properties of kiwifruit justify its use as a source of valuable antioxidants.</P>