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Hae Young Noh,Krishnan Nair,Anne S. Kiremidjian,C-H. Loh 국제구조공학회 2009 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.5 No.1
In this paper, the time series based damage detection algorithms developed by Nair, et al. (2006) and Nair and Kiremidjian (2007) are applied to the benchmark experimental data from the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in Taipei, Taiwan. Both acceleration and strain data are analyzed. The data are modeled as autoregressive (AR) processes, and damage sensitive features (DSF) and feature vectors are defined in terms of the first three AR coefficients. In the first algorithm developed by Nair, et al. (2006), hypothesis tests using the t-statistic are applied to evaluate the damaged state. A damage measure (DM) is defined to measure the damage extent. The results show that the DSF’s from the acceleration data can detect damage while the DSF from the strain data can be used to localize the damage. The DM can be used for damage quantification. In the second algorithm developed by Nair and Kiremidjian (2007) a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is used to model the feature vector, and the Mahalanobis distance is defined to measure damage extent. Additional distance measures are defined and applied in this paper to quantify damage. The results show that damage measures can be used to detect, quantify, and localize the damage for the high intensity and the bidirectional loading cases.
Noh, Hae Young,Nair, Krishnan K.,Kiremidjian, Anne S.,Loh, C.H. Techno-Press 2009 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.5 No.1
In this paper, the time series based damage detection algorithms developed by Nair, et al. (2006) and Nair and Kiremidjian (2007) are applied to the benchmark experimental data from the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in Taipei, Taiwan. Both acceleration and strain data are analyzed. The data are modeled as autoregressive (AR) processes, and damage sensitive features (DSF) and feature vectors are defined in terms of the first three AR coefficients. In the first algorithm developed by Nair, et al. (2006), hypothesis tests using the t-statistic are applied to evaluate the damaged state. A damage measure (DM) is defined to measure the damage extent. The results show that the DSF's from the acceleration data can detect damage while the DSF from the strain data can be used to localize the damage. The DM can be used for damage quantification. In the second algorithm developed by Nair and Kiremidjian (2007) a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is used to model the feature vector, and the Mahalanobis distance is defined to measure damage extent. Additional distance measures are defined and applied in this paper to quantify damage. The results show that damage measures can be used to detect, quantify, and localize the damage for the high intensity and the bidirectional loading cases.
Nair, K.Sashindran,Vijayan, V.A,,Trivedy, Kanika,Nair, Jula S. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.3 No.2
A synthetic juvenoid, R394 (Ethyl 9-cyclohexyl-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 4-nonadienoate) which is known to be a strong pest control agent was administered to silkworm, Bombyx mori L. in minute quantity for improving the silk yield. Based on the result of an earlier preliminary screening, three concentrations of the compound, viz., 0.1563, 0.3125, 31.25 nl/ml were prepared in the form of an emulsion and administered topically as a single dose, to separate batches of $5^{th}$ instar silkworm at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs to determine the required concentration and critical time of application for an economically favourable response. Two popular commercial silkworm hybrids, PM ${\times}$ NB4D2 (multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine) and KA${\times}$NB4D2 (bivoltine$\times$bivoltine) were subjected to the experiment. The medium and absolute control were maintained in parallel to compare the results. The results showed that 0.3125 nl/ml was the best concentration of the compound and 72 hrs of $5^{th}$instar was the most favourable age for its administration to get the maximum improvement in the commercial traits. The possible role of exogenous juvenoids in eliciting favourable response in silkworm which ultimately leads to improvement in the commercial traits is discussed.
( K. Sashindran Nair ),( V. A. Vijayan ),( Kanika Trivedy ),( Jula S. Nair ) 한국잠사학회 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.3 No.2
A synthetic juvenoid, R394 (Ethyl 9-cyclohexyl-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 4-nonadienoate) which is known to be a strong pest control agent was administered to silkworm, Bombyx mori L. in minute quantity for improving the silk yield. Based on the result of an earlier preliminary screening, three concentrations of the compound, viz., 0.1563, 0.3125, 31.25 nl/ml were prepared in the form of an emulsion and administered topically as a single dose, to separate batches of 5th instar silkworm at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs to determine the required concentration and critical time of application for an economically favourable response. Two popular commercial silkworm hybrids, PM×NB4D2 (multivoltine×bivoltine) and KA×NB4D2 (bivoltine×bivoltine) were subjected to the experiment. The medium and absolute control were maintained in parallel to compare the results. The results showed that 0.3125 nl/ml was the best concentration of the compound and 72 hrs of 5th instar was the most favourable age for its administration to get the maximum improvement in the commercial traits. The possible role of exogenous juvenoids in eliciting favourable response in silkworm which ultimately leads to improvement in the commercial traits is discussed.
1, 25-(OH)2D3 protects against ER stress and miRNA dysregulation in Mus musculus neurons
Jayachandran Parvathy,Koshy Linda,Sudhakaran Perumana R.,Nair Govindapillai Mohanadasan,Gangaprasad Appukuttan Nair,Nair Ananthakrishnan Jayakumaran 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12
Background: The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is closely associated with cellular oxidative stress which can result in the accumulation of toxic proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress and subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, a mechanism that aggravate these disorders. Vitamin D has been suggested to have important neuroprotective role and its administration has been shown to reduce neuronal injury, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in various animal systems. Objective: The current study was undertaken to examine the effect of vitamin D3 on UPR in ER stress induced Mus musculus neuronal cells. Methods: Mus musculus cortical and hippocampal primary neuronal cultures were pretreated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25-(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, followed by ER stress induction with a chemical ER stress inducer thapsigargin and with an advanced glycated protein, AGE-BSA. The UPR genes and related microRNAs (miRNA) expressions were analyzed mainly using real-time PCR. Results: The experiment resulted in the suppression of ER stress marker BiP and UPR pathway genes such as Perk, Ire1α, Chop and Puma which mediate cellular apoptosis indicating the protective effect of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 against neuronal ER stress. Further studies into the molecular aspects showed that ER stress mediated down-regulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) such as mmu-miR-24, 27b, 124, 224, 290, 351 and 488 which are known to regulate the UPR pathway genes were also reduced with vitamin pretreatment, of which the miRNAs miR-24 and 27b which shares the same cluster are potentially involved in various human diseases. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the therapeutic role of vitamin D in reducing neuronal ER stress and the need for maintaining sufficient amount of this vitamin in our diet.
Nair Balagopal N.,Yoshikawa Daishi,Taguchi Hisatomi 한국막학회 2004 멤브레인 Vol.14 No.1
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) is considered as a candidate technology for applications in stationary, transportation as well as electronic power generation purposes. To develop a high performance direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC), a competent electrolyte membrane is needed. The electrolyte membrane should be durable and methanol crossover must be low. One of the approaches to increase the stability of generally used polymer electrolyte membranes such as Nafion against swelling or thermal degradation is to bond it with an inorganic material physically or chemically. In Noritake Company, we have developed a novel method of reinforcing the polymer electrolyte matrix with inorganic fibers. Methanol crossover values measured were significantly lower than the original polymer electrolyte membranes. These fiber reinforced electrolyte membranes (FREM) were used for DMFC study and stable power output values as high 160 mW/cm2 were measured. The details of the characteristics of the membranes as well as I-V data of fuel cell stacks are detailed in the paper.
Characterization of Some Multivariate Distributions
Nair, N.Unnikrishnan The Korean Statistical Society 1989 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.18 No.1
In this article the problem of characterizing multivariate distributions, possessing certain conditional distributions that have the same form as the parent model, are considered. It is shown that the forms of such conditional distributions characterize some well known distributions like the multivariate exponential, multivariate Burr, multivariate Lomax etc.