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Hong, Eun-Mi,Park, Yongeun,Muirhead, Richard,Jeong, Jaehak,Pachepsky, Yakov A. Elsevier BV 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) is a watershed-scale water quality model that includes detailed representation of agricultural management. The objective of this work was to develop a process-based model for simulating the fate and transport of manure-borne bacteria on land and in streams with the APEX model. The bacteria model utilizes manure erosion rates to estimate the amount of edge-of-field bacteria export. Bacteria survival in manure is simulated as a two-stage process separately for each manure application event. In-stream microbial fate and transport processes include bacteria release from streambeds due to sediment resuspension during high flow events, active release from the streambed sediment during low flow periods, bacteria settling with sediment, and survival. Default parameter values were selected from published databases and evaluated based on field observations. The APEX model with the newly developed microbial fate and transport module was applied to simulate fate and transport of the fecal indicator bacterium <I>Escherichia coli</I> in the Toenepi watershed, New Zealand that was monitored for seven years. The stream network of the watershed ran through grazing lands with daily bovine waste deposition. Results show that the APEX with the bacteria module reproduced well the monitored pattern of <I>E. coli</I> concentrations at the watershed outlet. The APEX with the microbial fate and transport module will be utilized for predicting microbial quality of water as affected by various agricultural practices, evaluating monitoring protocols, and supporting the selection of management practices based on regulations that rely on fecal indicator bacteria concentrations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The APEX model can benefit from addition of a bacteria fate and transport module. </LI> <LI> APEX manure erosion submodel drives manure bacteria release and export. </LI> <LI> The two-stage kinetics and thermal time to simulate fate of bacteria in manure deposits. </LI> <LI> Sediment resuspension and hyporheic exchange provide the in-stream bacteria source. </LI> <LI> Successful performance was found with <I>E. coli</I> monitoring data at the Toenepi watershed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Risk of cancer after low doses of ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study in 15 countries
Cardis, E,Vrijheid, M,Blettner, M,Gilbert, E,Hakama, M,Hill, C,Howe, G,Kaldor, J,Muirhead, C R,Schubauer-Berigan, M,Yoshimura, T,Bermann, F,Cowper, G,Fix, J,Hacker, C,Heinmiller, B,Marshall, M,Thierry BMJ 2005 BMJ Vol.331 No.7508
<P>To provide direct estimates of risk of cancer after protracted low doses of ionising radiation and to strengthen the scientific basis of radiation protection standards for environmental, occupational, and medical diagnostic exposures.</P>
MINERVA: SMALL PLANETS FROM SMALL TELESCOPES
WITTENMYER, ROBERT A.,JOHNSON, JOHN ASHER,WRIGHT, JASON,MCCRADY, NATE,SWIFT, JONATHAN,BOTTOM, MICHAEL,PLAVCHAN, PETER,RIDDLE, REED,MUIRHEAD, PHILIP S.,HERZIG, ERICH,MYLES, JUSTIN,BLAKE, CULLEN H.,EAST The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
The Kepler mission has shown that small planets are extremely common. It is likely that nearly every star in the sky hosts at least one rocky planet. We just need to look hard enough-but this requires vast amounts of telescope time. MINERVA (MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array) is a dedicated exoplanet observatory with the primary goal of discovering rocky, Earth-like planets orbiting in the habitable zone of bright, nearby stars. The MINERVA team is a collaboration among UNSW Australia, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Penn State University, University of Montana, and the California Institute of Technology. The four-telescope MINERVA array will be sited at the F.L. Whipple Observatory on Mt Hopkins in Arizona, USA. Full science operations will begin in mid-2015 with all four telescopes and a stabilised spectrograph capable of high-precision Doppler velocity measurements. We will observe ~100 of the nearest, brightest, Sun-like stars every night for at least five years. Detailed simulations of the target list and survey strategy lead us to expect $15{\pm}4$ new low-mass planets.