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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Muhammad Waqas Khalid (검색결과 2 건)
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Khalid, Muhammad Waqas,Kim, Young Il,Haq, Muhammad Aneeq,Lee, Dongju,Kim, Bum Sung,Lee, Bin Elsevier 2020 Ceramics international Vol.46 No.7
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Structural ceramics such as Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>–ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> composites are widely used in harsh environment applications. The conventional sintering process for fabrication of these ceramics is time-consuming method that requires large amount of energy. Microwave sintering is a novel way to resolve this problem. However, to date, very limited research has been carried out to study the effects of different ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> crystal structures on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>–ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> composites, especially on the sintering kinetics, when fabricated by microwave sintering.</P> <P>The microwave hybrid sintering of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>–ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> composites was performed in this study. Tetragonal zirconia and cubic zirconia were used as two different reinforcements for an α–alumina matrix, and the mechanical and thermal properties were studied. It was found that Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> experienced a remarkable increase in fracture toughness of up to 42% when t-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> was added. Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>–c-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> also showed increased fracture toughness. The sintering kinetics were also thoroughly investigated, and the average activation energy values for the intermediate stage of sintering were estimated to be 246 ± 11 kJ/mol for pure Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, 319 ± 71 kJ/mol for Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>–c-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>, and 342 ± 77 kJ/mol for Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>–t-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>. These values indicated that the activation energy was increased by the addition of either type of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>, with the highest value shown by Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>–t-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P>
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Socio-Economic Factors and Women’s Empowerment: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Waqas Khalid,Nahla Samargandi,Aadil Hameed Shah,Seita Almandeel 한국국제경제학회 2020 International Economic Journal Vol.34 No.1
The empowerment ofwomenis an essential objective to fully engage them in economic life and achieve sustainable growth throughout the world. Providing basic facilities to women is one form of empowerment. This paper examines the extent of women’s empowerment in Punjab, Pakistan and its divisions, along with rural and urban regions. In addition, we check the effect of the gender wage differential on the current dilemma by implementing Alkire et al.’s [2013.The women’s empowerment in agriculture index (Working Paper No. 58). Oxford, UK: Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. Retrieved from https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ophiwp- 58.pdf.] indexing on HIES 2013–14 datasets. Our results show that 34.91% of women are empowered in Punjab overall, with independence being the highest dimensional contributor, and ownership of assets being the least. Women are 31.43% more empowered in urban regions. The results indicate that Islamabad has significantly more women’s empowerment, while Dera Ghazi Khan has the lowest percentage of empowered women. To assess particular impacts of different socio-economic and demographic variables on women’s empowerment, logistic regression model is applied, revealing that most socio-economic and demographic variables have significant impacts on the current scenario, and variation in any variable causes significant variations in the status of women’s empowerment, with increased wage differential in particular, decreasing the probability of women being empowered.
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