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Demography and national security: The politics of population shifts in contemporary Israel
Monica Duffy Toft 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2012 International Area Studies Review Vol.15 No.1
Israel perceives itself to be under a constant and general threat to its existence. Like many other aspects of its security, Israel’s small size relative to its neighbors means that even relatively small demographic shifts may have unexpected and threatening political consequences. Israel’s struggles with security, identity, and demography therefore serve to highlight a relationship not unique to Israel but particularly intense there: a relationship between demographic shifts and state, regional,and interstate security. This article demonstrates that Israel’s demographic shifts have come to be regarded as an existential threat by Israel, and the contemporary salience of demography in Israel explains both (1) Israel’s decision to build a ‘security fence’ between it and the Palestinian Occupied Territories in the West Bank, and (2) the timing of that decision. The article examines Israel’s historical demographic trends and discourse and makes the case that this high-level national policy was a response to the perception among Israel’s leaders that demographic threats to both the Jewish and democratic character of Israel were more grave even than the physical threat of terrorism.
Death by demography: 1979 as a turning point in the disintegration of the Soviet Union
Monica Duffy Toft 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2014 International Area Studies Review Vol.17 No.2
The 1979 census conducted across the vast expanse of the Soviet Union revealed that the makeupof the country’s population had undergone enormous change. The census recorded lowbirth-rates among the Slavic population relative to their Central Asian compatriots, among othertrends. The results were worrisome to Soviet planners in that they feared that these domesticpopulation trends were going to undermine the country’s power. At the same time, Soviets facedthe defeat of communist allies in Afghanistan at the hands of fighters beholden to religion, andan Islamic revolution in Iran. What these dynamics revealed was a complex interplay betweendomestic, regional and international politics. Interpreted through the lens of population dynamics,the convergence of these events revealed 1979 to be a critical turning point in the disintegrationof the Soviet Union.