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Mohammad Reza Mirani,Alireza Fazlali,Masoud Rahimi 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.5
We investigated the performance of a T-type microchannel for mercaptan extraction from light straightrun naphtha (LSRN) with sodium hydroxide solution. The aim of this work is to introduce the microfluidic system as a potential tool for mercaptan extraction from light petroleum products. Modeling the extraction process of mercaptan from LSRN has not been carried out previously. In this regard, mercaptan extraction was modeled by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the effect of operating parameters on the mercaptan extraction process. The independent variables are considered as temperature, sodium hydroxide concentration, and the volume ratio of sodium hydroxide to LSRN. Two models were compared based on error analysis of the predicted data. Root mean square error, mean relative error, and determination coefficient for the neural network were 0.5650, 0.4341, and 0.9862, respectively. The values of these parameters for the RSM model were 0.6854, 0.7648, and 0.9798. The results showed that the prediction accuracy for both models is appropriate, but the precision of the neural network model is slightly higher than that of the RSM model. The genetic algorithm (GA) technique determined the optimal values of the independent variables with the aim of maximizing the extraction percentage. The mercaptan extraction percentage value of 85.08% was achieved at 303.15 K, the sodium hydroxide concentration of 20 wt%, and the volume ratio of sodium hydroxide to LSRN of 0.128. Furthermore, results showed a higher mercaptan extraction percentage of the microfluidic system compared to a conventional extractor at the same process condition.
Pach, Alfred,Tabbusam, Ghurnata,Khan, M Imran,Suhag, Zamir,Hussain, Imtiaz,Hussain, Ejaz,Mumtaz, Uzma,Haq, Inam Ul,Tahir, Rehman,Mirani, Amjad,Yousafzai, Aisha,Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant,Ochiai, R Leon,S Taylor Francis, Inc 2013 Journal of health communication Vol.18 No.3
<P>The authors conducted formative research (a) to identify stakeholders' concerns related to typhoid fever and the need for disease information and (b) to develop a communication strategy to inform stakeholders and address their concerns and motivate for support of a school-based vaccination program in Pakistan. Data were collected during interactive and semi-structured focus group discussions and interviews, followed by a qualitative analysis and multidisciplinary consultative process to identify an effective social mobilization strategy comprised of relevant media channels and messages. The authors conducted 14 focus group discussions with the parents of school-aged children and their teachers, and 13 individual interviews with school, religious, and political leaders. Parents thought that typhoid fever was a dangerous disease, but were unsure of their children's risk. They were interested in vaccination and were comfortable with a school-based vaccination if conducted under the supervision of trained and qualified staff. Teachers and leaders needed information on typhoid fever, the vaccine, procedures, and sponsors of the vaccination program. Meetings were considered the best form of information dissemination, followed by printed materials and mass media. This study shows how qualitative research findings can be translated into an effective social mobilization and communication approach. The findings of the research indicated the importance of increasing awareness of typhoid fever and the benefits of vaccination against the disease. Identification and dissemination of relevant, community-based disease and vaccination information will increase demand and use of vaccination.</P>