Multi-scan smoothing for tracking manoeuvering target trajectory in heavy cluttered environment

Memon, Sufyan,Son, Hungsun,Memon, Kashif Hussain,Ansari, Arsalan Institution of Electrical Engineers 2017 IET radar, sonar & navigation Vol.11 No.12

<P>An automatic target tracking algorithm must be capable of dealing with an unknown number of targets and their trajectory behaviour inside the surveillance region. However, due to target motion uncertainties, heavily populated clutter measurements and low detection probabilities of targets, the smoothing algorithms often fail to detect the true number of target trajectories. In this study, the authors discussed some deficiencies and insignificances of existing smoothing algorithms and proposed a new smoothing data association based algorithm called fixed-interval integrated track splitting smoothing (ITS-S). The proposed algorithm employ smoothing data association algorithm and compared with existing smoothing algorithms outperform in terms of target trajectory accuracy and false-track discrimination (FTD). However, existing algorithms fail to generate smoothed target trajectory and provides insignificant FTD performance in such difficult environments as illustrated in this simulation study. The ITS-S shows improved smoothing performance compared with that of existing algorithms for a manoeuvering target tracking in a heavily populated cluttered environment and low detection probabilities.</P>

A Visualization Based Analysis on Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithms for Optical Networks

Kamran Ali Memon,Khalid Husain Mohmadani,Saleemullah Memon,Muhammad Abbas,Noor ul Ain International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.8

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) methods in telecommunication network & systems have emerged with mechanisms for sharing limited resources in a rapidly growing number of users in today's access networks. Since the DBA research trends are incredibly fast-changing literature where almost every day new areas and terms continue to emerge. Co - citation analysis offers a significant support to researchers to distinguish intellectual bases and potentially leading edges of a specific field. We present the visualization based analysis for DBA algorithms in telecommunication field using mainstream co-citation analysis tool-CiteSpace and web of science (WoS) analysis. Research records for the period of decade (2009-2018) for this analysis are sought from WoS. The visualization results identify the most influential DBA algorithms research studies, journals, major countries, institutions, and researchers, and indicate the intellectual bases and focus entirely on DBA algorithms in the literature, offering guidance to interested researchers on more study of DBA algorithms.

Synthesis of solution processed f-CNT@Bi₂S₃ hybrid film coated linen fabric as a free-standing textile structured photo catalyst

Memon, Anam Ali,Arbab, Alvira Ayoub,Patil, Supriya A.,Mengal, Naveed,Sun, Kyung Chul,Sahito, Iftikhar Ali,Jeong, Sung Hoon,Kim, Hak Sung Elsevier 2018 Applied catalysis. A, General Vol.566 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A unique metallic carbon hybrid film, synthesized with synchronized distribution of bismuth sulfide (Bi<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB>) and exfoliated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), has been proposed for use as freestanding textile electrodes in photo catalysts. The defect-rich morphology of Bi<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB> nanowire decorated MWCNT hybrid enhances the photocatalytic activity, electronic properties, cyclic stability, and electron pathways. The proposed f-CNT@Bi<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB>-hybrid linen fabric electrode demonstrated a defect-rich morphology synchronized with high electrical conductivity. These properties greatly enhanced the photocatalytic activity and electron transfer. The high photocatalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of the high electron affinity of MWCNTs and the structural distortion caused by Bi<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB> nanowires. Degradation of methylene blue dye was accelerated owing to the elevated activity of Bi<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB> nanowires, which provides fast absorption of contaminants and reduction of oxidative species. Our proposed system of metallic carbon freestanding textile electrode opens the broad applications of textile-based photochemical devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A flexible and highly conductive linen fabric is fabricated. </LI> <LI> The fabric is coated with carbon metallic films by doctor blade technique. </LI> <LI> The electrode is durable and highly photocatalytic active. </LI> <LI> The electrode is stable at various bending positions, against water and electrolyte. </LI> <LI> The surface resistance of the carbon metallic films coated fabric is only 19 Ω sq<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Design of Multivariable PID Controllers: A Comparative Study

Memon, Shabeena,Kalhoro, Arbab Nighat International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.9

The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is the most popular industrial controller and more than 90% process industries use this controller. During the past 50 years, numerous good tuning methods have been proposed for Single Input Single Output Systems. However, design of PI/PID controllers for multivariable processes is a challenge for the researchers. A comparative study of three PID controllers design methods has been carried-out. These methods include the DS (Direct Synthesis) method, IMC (Internal model Control) method and ETF (Effective Transfer Function) method. MIMO PID controllers are designed for a number of 2×2, 3×3 and 4×4 process models with multiple delays. The performance of the three methods has been evaluated through simulation studies in Matlab/Simulink environment. After extensive simulation studies, it is found that the Effective Transfer Function (ETF) Method produces better output responses among two methods. In this work, only decentralized methods of PID controllers have been studied and investigated.

Clinical Presentation and Frequency of Risk Factors in Patients with Breast Carcinoma in Pakistan

Memon, Zahid Ali,Qurrat-ul-Ain, Qurrat-ul-Ain,Khan, Ruba,Raza, Natasha,Noor, Tooba Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17

Background: Breast cancer is known to be one of the most prevalent cancers among women in both developing and developed countries. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan has increased dramatically within the last few years and is the second country after Israel in Asia to have highest proportional cases of breast cancer. However, there are limited data for breast cancer available in the literature from Pakistan. Objectives: The study was conducted to bring to light the common clinical presentation of breast cancer and to evaluate the frequency of established risk factors in breast carcinoma patients and furthermore to compare the findings between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A 6 months (from July 2012 to Dec 2012) cross sectional survey was conducted in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. Data were collected though a well developed questionnaire from 105 female patients diagnosed with carcinoma of breast and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Institutional ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Results: Out of 105 patients, 43 were premenopausal and 62 were postmenopausal, 99 being married. Mean age at diagnosis was $47.8{\pm}12.4years$. A painless lump was the most frequent symptom, notived by 77.1%(n=81). Some 55.2% (n=58) patients had a lump in the right breast and 44.8%(n=47) in the left breast. In the majority of cases, the lump was present in upper outer quadrant 41.9% (n=44). Mean period of delay from appearance of symptoms to consulting a doctor was $5.13{\pm}4.8months$, from the shortest 1 month to the longest 36 months. Long delay (> 3 months) was the most frequent figure 41.9%. Considering overall risk factors most frequent were first pregnancy after 20 years of age (41%), physical breast trauma (28.6%), lack of breast feeding(21.9%), and early menarche <11 years (19%), followed by null parity (16.2%), consumption of high fat diet (15.2%), family history of breast cancer or any other cancer in first degree relatives (9.5% and 13.3%, respectively). Some of the less common factors were late menopause >54 years (8.6%), use of oral contraceptive pills (10.5%), use of hormone replacement therapy (4.7%),smoking (4.7%) and radiation (0.96%). Significant differences (p<0.005) were observed between pre and post menopausal women regarding history of physical breast trauma, practice of breast feeding and parity. Conclusions: A painless lump was the most frequent clinical presentation noted. Overall age at first child > 20 years, physical breast trauma, lack of breast feeding, early menarche <11 were the most frequent risk factors. Physical breast trauma, lower parity, a trend for less breast feeding had more significant associations with pre-menopausal than post-menopausal onset. Increase opportunity of disease prevention can be obtained through better understanding of clinical presentation and risk factors important in the etiology of breast cancer.

Synthesis of highly photo-catalytic and electro-catalytic active textile structured carbon electrode and its application in DSSCs

Memon, Anam Ali,Arbab, Alvira Ayoub,Sahito, Iftikhar Ali,Sun, Kyung Chul,Mengal, Naveed,Jeong, Sung Hoon Elsevier 2017 SOLAR ENERGY -PHOENIX ARIZONA THEN NEW YORK- Vol.150 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Due to the growing need of portable smart devices, textile based solar cells have gained widespread attention in the field of wearable electronics. Here, we have demonstrated facile fabrication of metal free DSSCs by printing cotton, polyester and linen fabric counter electrodes with highly photo catalytic and electro catalytic active mesoporous carbon composite composed of highly conductive acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with mesoporous activated charcoal. Different mesoporous carbon structures were formulated by varying the concentration of activated charcoal intercalated in the acid functionalized MWCNT matrix. The mesoporous carbon composite with high level of porosity and oxygen rich surface exhibits low charge transfer resistance and excellent electro-catalytic activity for the reduction of tri-iodide ions. The mesoporous carbon composite exhibited 52% higher photo catalytic activity than the acid modified MWCNT. Besides that, in-depth comparison was carried out in between different kinds of textile fabrics coated with the carbon composite. The slight variation in the microporous structures and surface characteristics of cotton, polyester and linen fabrics led to marginal difference in the electrochemical and photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. High mobility of gel electrolyte within the porous structure of mesoporous carbon and textile fabrics assembly demonstrated low R<SUB>CT</SUB> of 0.82Ω, 0.77Ω and 1.37Ω for cotton, polyester and linen respectively. The obtained photovoltaic conversion efficiency of cotton, polyester and linen based DSSCs using gel electrolyte were 6.06%, 6.26% and 5.80% respectively. The suggested TCO and Pt free DSSC assemblies paved a way to the facile fabrication of textile based DSSC.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Photocatalytic and conductive textile counter electrodes (CEs) were synthesized. </LI> <LI> Cotton, Polyester and Linen fabrics were used as CEs substrate. </LI> <LI> CEs were coated with mesoporous Activated Charcoal intercalated carbon composites. </LI> <LI> Flexible CEs showed a very low charge transfer resistance of 0.77Ω. </LI> <LI> Flexible CEs exhibited a highest conversion efficiency of 6.26%. </LI> </UL> </P>

Design of Multivariable PID Controllers: A Comparative Study

Memon, Shabeena,Kalhoro, Arbab Nighat International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.8

The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is the most popular industrial controller and more than 90% process industries use this controller. During the past 50 years, numerous good tuning methods have been proposed for Single Input Single Output Systems. However, design of PI/PID controllers for multivariable processes is a challenge for the researchers. A comparative study of three PID controllers design methods has been carried-out. These methods include the DS (Direct Synthesis) method, IMC (Internal model Control) method and ETF (Effective Transfer Function) method. MIMO PID controllers are designed for a number of 2×2, 3×3 and 4×4 process models with multiple delays. The performance of the three methods has been evaluated through simulation studies in Matlab/Simulink environment. After extensive simulation studies, it is found that the Effective Transfer Function (ETF) Method produces better output responses among two methods. In this work, only decentralized methods of PID controllers have been studied and investigated.

Reasons for Patient's Delay in Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma in Pakistan

Memon, Zahid Ali,Shaikh, Anum Nizamuddin,Rizwan, Sundus,Sardar, Maimoona Batool Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Background: Delay in diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with a poorer survival and a pivotal contribution to this delayed diagnosis comes from patient delay in presenting at a clinic. Reasons involved must be evaluated in order to decrease this reducible delay. Objectives: i) To evaluate the reasons for patient delay in diagnosis of breast cancer; ii) to investigate any association with other variables. Materials and Methods: A 6 month cross sectional study (from July 2012 to Dec 2012), was carried out in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. A total of 100 females diagnosed with breast cancer of any histological type were interviewed after informed consent and relevant data were collected. Due ethical clearance was obtained. Results: Mean age was $47.5{\pm}12.1$ years with a range from 25-77 years. Mean duration of delay was $5.13{\pm}4.8$ months, from shortest 1 month to longest 36 months. Duration of delay was observed to be no delay (<1 month) in 28%, short delay (1-3 months) in 30% and long delay (>3 months) in 42% of patients. Considering the symptoms as "harmless" (39%) was the most frequent reason of delay followed by "temporary" (20%) and the "use of traditional methods" (12%). Most common reason for later approaches was an increase in the size of the lump (41%). Statistically significant association (p-value <0.05) of longer patient delay was obtained with being single, being illiterate, painless breast lump as the first symptom, negative family history of breast cancer and vague attribution of the symptoms. Conclusions: Significant delay in approach to health care facility was observed in our study due to variable reasons given by women. Sufficient awareness regarding breast cancer, its symptoms and favorable effects of a timely diagnosis on prognosis must be imparted to our general population.

Facile fabrication of activated charcoal decorated functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube electro-catalyst for high performance quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells

Memon, A.A.,Arbab, A.A.,Sahito, I.A.,Mengal, N.,Sun, K.C.,Qadir, M.B.,Choi, Y.S.,Jeong, S.H. Pergamon Press 2017 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.234 No.-

<P>The proposed research presents significant progress in the photovoltaic performance of quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by synthesizing a highly electro-catalytic active activated charcoal decorated functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite electro-catalyst as a counter electrode (CE). The proposed carbon composite structure was synthesize by facile acid functionalization of MWCNTs followed by the addition of mesoporous activated charcoal, decorating the tubular graphitic structure of the CNTs. The carbon composite paste deposited on FTO glass by a sequential process of doctor blade coating under an air-drying technique. The porous functionalized mesoporous carbon (f-MC) with a dominant oxygen rich surface displays greatly enhanced electrocatalytic activity, low charge transfer resistance (RCT), and exceptional cyclic stability as compared with pristine CNTs. The DSSC fabricated with f-MC CE demonstrated efficient electrochemical characteristics and photovoltaic performance when fabricated with a high-viscosity quasi-solid electrolyte. The highly conductive and porous carbon structure locates manifold sites for tri-iodide reduction reaction. High mobility of the quasi-solid electrolyte within defect rich (f-MC) surface confirmed a low RCT of (0.60 Omega. cm(2)), and exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity compared to a conventional platinum (Pt) reference CE. The f-MC CE based DSSCs showed high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.42%, exceeding the Pt reference CE of 8.11%. Based on the facile synthesis of f-MC composites and fabrication of CE, the proposed DSSCs stand out as efficient next generation solar cells. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Smoothing data association for target trajectory estimation in cluttered environments

Memon, Sufyan,Song, Taek Lyul,Kim, Tae Han Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.) 2016 EURASIP journal on advances in signal processing Vol.2016 No.1