A Receiver-Driven Loss Recovery Mechanism for Video Dissemination over Information-Centric VANET

( Longzhe Han ),( Xuecai Bao ),( Wenfeng Wang ),( Xiangsheng Feng ),( Zuhan Liu ),( Wenqun Tan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.7

Information-Centric Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (IC-VANET) is a promising network architecture for the future intelligent transport system. Video streaming applications over IC-VANET not only enrich infotainment services, but also provide the drivers and pedestrians real-time visual information to make proper decisions. However, due to the characteristics of wireless link and frequent change of the network topology, the packet loss seriously affects the quality of video streaming applications. In this paper, we propose a REceiver-Driven loss reCOvery Mechanism (REDCOM) to enhance video dissemination over IC-VANET. A Markov chain based estimation model is introduced to capture the real-time network condition. Based on the estimation result, the proposed REDCOM recovers the lost packets by requesting additional forward error correction packets. The REDCOM follows the receiver-driven model of IC-VANET and does not require the infrastructure support to efficiently overcome packet losses. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed REDCOM improves video quality under various network conditions.

Cross-layer Video Streaming Mechanism over Cognitive Radio Ad hoc Information Centric Networks

( Longzhe Han ),( Nguyen Dinh Han ),( Seung-seok Kang ),( Hoh Peter In ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.11

With the increasing number of the wireless and mobile networks, the way that people use the Internet has changed substantively. Wireless multimedia services, such as wireless video streaming, mobile video game, and mobile voice over IP, will become the main applications of the future wireless Internet. To accommodate the growing volume of wireless data traffic and multimedia services, cognitive radio (CR) and Information-Centric Network (ICN) have been proposed to maximize the utilization of wireless spectrum and improve the network performance. Although CR and ICN have high potential significance for the future wireless Internet, few studies have been conducted on collaborative operations of CR and ICN. Due to the lack of infrastructure support in multi-hop ad hoc CR networks, the problem is more challenging for video streaming services. In this paper, we propose a Cross-layer Video Streaming Mechanism (CLISM) for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Information Centric Networks (CRAH-ICNs). The CLISM included two distributed schemes which are designed for the forwarding nodes and receiving nodes in CRAH-ICNs. With the cross-layer approach, the CLISM is able to self-adapt the variation of the link conditions without the central network controller. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CLISM efficiently adjust video transmission policy under various network conditions.

An Adaptive FEC Mechanism Using Crosslayer Approach to Enhance Quality of Video Transmission over 802.11 WLANs

( Longzhe Han ),( Sungjun Park ),( Seung-seok Kang ),( Hoh Peter In ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.4 No.3

Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques have been adopted to overcome packet losses and to improve the quality of video delivery. The efficiency of the FEC has been significantly compromised, however, due to the characteristics of the wireless channel such as burst packet loss, channel fluctuation and lack of Quality of Service (QoS) support. We propose herein an Adaptive Cross-layer FEC mechanism (ACFEC) to enhance the quality of video streaming over 802.11 WLANs. Under the conventional approaches, FEC functions are implemented on the application layer, and required feedback information to calculate redundancy rates. Our proposed ACFEC mechanism, however, leverages the functionalities of different network layers. The Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) function on the Media Access Control (MAC) layer can detect packet losses. Through cooperation with the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), the redundancy rates are adaptively controlled based on the packet loss information. The experiment results demonstrate that the ACFEC mechanism is able to adaptively adjust and control the redundancy rates and, thereby, to overcome both of temporary and persistent channel fluctuations. Consequently, the proposed mechanism, under various network conditions, performs better in recovery than the conventional methods, while generating a much less volume of redundant traffic.

Deep Learning based Loss Recovery Mechanism for Video Streaming over Mobile Information-Centric Network

( Longzhe Han ),( Taras Maksymyuk ),( Xuecai Bao ),( Jia Zhao ),( Yan Liu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.9

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Information-Centric Networking (ICN) are essential network architectures for the future Internet. The advantages of MEC and ICN such as computation and storage capabilities at the edge of the network, in-network caching and named-data communication paradigm can greatly improve the quality of video streaming applications. However, the packet loss in wireless network environments still affects the video streaming performance and the existing loss recovery approaches in ICN does not exploit the capabilities of MEC. This paper proposes a Deep Learning based Loss Recovery Mechanism (DL-LRM) for video streaming over MEC based ICN. Different with existing approaches, the Forward Error Correction (FEC) packets are generated at the edge of the network, which dramatically reduces the workload of core network and backhaul. By monitoring network states, our proposed DL-LRM controls the FEC request rate by deep reinforcement learning algorithm. Considering the characteristics of video streaming and MEC, in this paper we develop content caching detection and fast retransmission algorithm to effectively utilize resources of MEC. Experimental results demonstrate that the DL-LRM is able to adaptively adjust and control the FEC request rate and achieve better video quality than the existing approaches.

Adaptive Retransmission Scheme for Video Streaming over Content-Centric Wireless Networks

Longzhe Han,Seung-Seok Kang,Hyogon Kim,In, H. P. IEEE 2013 IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS Vol.17 No.6

<P>This paper presents an adaptive retransmission scheme to overcome video packet losses in content-centric wireless networks. Because of in-network caching, the round-trip time (RTT) may fluctuate significantly. A new timeout estimation algorithm is proposed to quickly adjust the timeout value. The sequential hypothesis testing methodology is suggested to provide theoretical bounds on the probabilities of false-positive and false-negative detection rates. By considering the reasons for packet losses, the scheme adaptively controls its retransmission window size. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme efficiently recovers packet losses under various network conditions.</P>

Quasi-Quadrature Modulation Method for Power-Efficient Video Transmission Over LTE Networks

Maksymyuk, Taras,Longzhe Han,Xiaohu Ge,Hsiao-Hwa Chen,Minho Jo IEEE 2014 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY Vol.63 No.5

<P>New emerging services, such as real-time video streaming or video on demand, are causing rapid growth in packet transmission over wireless networks. Unlike voice calls, for which the duration is usually not very long, video streaming applications require continuous transmission for a long time. Therefore, video streaming applications in mobile networks consume more energy compared with voice calls. Thus, the task of optimizing data transmission algorithms has become more important during the last few years. Apparently, the majority of multimedia traffic is video transmission. These applications consume much more power, compared with audio or general data transmission, because of higher throughput requirements. This paper addresses the problem of decreasing power consumption due to video transmission applications in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks. There are existing solutions for managing power consumption during video transmission. In particular, Third-Generation Partnership Project LTE Advanced (LTE-A) has defined the discontinuous reception/transmission (DRX/DRT) mechanism to allow devices to turn off their radio interfaces and go to sleep in various patterns. Some other similar solutions suggest DRX/DRT optimization to maximize the sleep periods of devices while guaranteeing quality of service in multimedia applications. However, existing solutions for packet transmission optimization are not very effective without physical-layer optimization. However, existing solutions for packet transmission optimization are not very effective without physical-layer optimization. We suggest a new method of modulation for improving energy efficiency of wireless video transmission. Four different schemes of quasi-quadrature modulation using multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques with different quality of service performances are proposed in this paper. We simulate H.264/AVC video transmission. Results confirm the theoretical analysis. The proposed approach is able to improve energy efficiency while providing the same packet loss probability.</P>

An Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for CCN-based MANETs

Geunhyung Lee,Longzhe Han,Yunhui Park,Jung-Been Lee,Juwon Kim,Hoh Peter In 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.7 No.1

The Research on Social Influence-based Cache Replacement Policy over Wireless Information-Centric Network

Yunhui Park,Longzhe Han,Geunhyung Lee,Dong-min Seo,Hoh Peter In 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.6 No.4

Selfish attacks and detection in cognitive radio Ad-Hoc networks

Minho Jo,Longzhe Han,Dohoon Kim,In, H. P. IEEE 2013 IEEE network Vol.27 No.3

<P>Cognitive radio is an opportunistic communication technology designed to help unlicensed users utilize the maximum available licensed bandwidth. Cognitive radio has recently attracted a lot of research interest. However, little research has been done regarding security in cognitive radio, while much more research has been done on spectrum sensing and allocation problems. A selfish cognitive radio node can occupy all or part of the resources of multiple channels, prohibiting other cognitive radio nodes from accessing these resources. Selfish cognitive radio attacks are a serious security problem because they significantly degrade the performance of a cognitive radio network. In this article we identify a new selfish attack type in cognitive radio ad-hoc networks and propose an easy and efficient selfish cognitive radio attack detection technique, called COOPON, with multichannel resources by cooperative neighboring cognitive radio nodes.</P>

Characteristics of circulating CD31 ⁺ cells from patients with coronary artery disease

Kim, Moo Hyun,Guo, Longzhe,Kim, Han-Soo,Kim, Sung-Whan BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014 JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.18 No.11

<P>Recently, we reported the properties of CD31-expressing cells in healthy individuals. However, the characteristics of CD31-expressing cells derived from coronary artery disease (CAD) patients remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating CD31<SUP>+</SUP> cells and CAD as well as their biological characteristics. Analysis with flow cytometry revealed that CD31<SUP>+</SUP> cells (C-CD31) from the peripheral blood (PB) of CAD patients exhibited low levels of T-cell marker and high levels of macrophage marker compared with the PB-CD31<SUP>+</SUP> cells from healthy individuals (H-CD31). In addition, the expression levels of multiple pro-angiogenic and chemokine genes were significantly down-regulated in C-CD31. However, inflammatory gene <I>IL-1</I>α was highly up-regulated in C-CD31. Patients with unstable angina (UA) had significantly more CD31<SUP>+</SUP> cells in the PB than healthy control group (<I>P</I> < 0.001). Moreover, there were significant correlations between the number of CD31<SUP>+</SUP> cells and cardiovascular (CV) disease activity (<I>R</I> = 0.318, <I>P</I> = 0.006) and the number of diseased coronaries (<I>R</I> = 0.312, <I>P</I> = 0.005). For the diagnostic category of UA, the area under curve was 0.803 (<I>P</I> < 0.001). In conclusion, C-CD31 have impaired angiogenic potential and the number of circulating CD31<SUP>+</SUP> cells were correlated with CV risk. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of CAD.</P>