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The Influence of Inorganic Filler Particle Size on Composite Ion-Exchange Membranes for Desalination
Klaysom, Chalida,Moon, Seung-Hyeon,Ladewig, Bradley P.,Lu, G. Q. Max,Wang, Lianzhou American Chemical Society 2011 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.115 No.31
<P>In this work, we report a new class of organic–inorganic nanocomposite ion-exchange membranes containing a sulfonated functionalized polymer (sulfonated polyethersulfone) and sulfonated mesoporous silica (SS). The effect of SS filler size (20 and 100 nm) on membrane structures and properties has been investigated. The results revealed the significant impact of filler sizes on macroscopic properties, such as morphologies, physico-electrochemical performance, and mechanical and thermal stabilities of the resultant composite membranes. The appropriate amount of smaller-sized SS fillers (20 nm diameter) led to better overall properties of the composite membranes with a conductivity up to 2.7 mS cm<SUP>–1</SUP>, a permselectivity of 98% (around 640% and 16% improvement of conductivity and permselectivity compared with the pristine membranes, respectively), and high thermal and mechanical stability due to intimate polymer–inorganic filler interaction. The performance of the composite membranes in the desalination of a NaCl solution was evaluated by a lab-scale electrodialysis cell in comparison with a benchmark membrane, FKE. The results revealed that the optimized composite with 0.5 wt % inorganic SS additive with a smaller particle size (20 nm diameter) exhibited an overall desalination performance comparable to that of FKE. Moreover, the energy consumption of the composite membrane was brought down to nearly a half compared to that of the pristine polymer membrane.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2010/jpccck.2010.115.issue-31/jp112157z/production/images/medium/jp-2010-12157z_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp112157z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Spatiotemporal genomic architecture informs precision oncology in glioblastoma
Lee, Jin-Ku,Wang, Jiguang,Sa, Jason K,Ladewig, Erik,Lee, Hae-Ock,Lee, In-Hee,Kang, Hyun Ju,Rosenbloom, Daniel S,Camara, Pablo G,Liu, Zhaoqi,van Nieuwenhuizen, Patrick,Jung, Sang Won,Choi, Seung Won,Ki Nature Pub. Co 2017 Nature genetics Vol.49 No.4
<P>Precision medicine in cancer proposes that genomic characterization of tumors can inform personalized targeted therapies1-5. However, this proposition is complicated by spatial and temporal heterogeneity6-14. Here we study genomic and expression profiles across 127 multisector or longitudinal specimens from 52 individuals with glioblastoma (GBM). Using bulk and single-cell data, we find that samples from the same tumor mass share genomic and expression signatures, whereas geographically separated, multifocal tumors and/or long-term recurrent tumors are seeded from different clones. Chemical screening of patient-derived glioma cells (PDCs) shows that therapeutic response is associated with genetic similarity, and multifocal tumors that are enriched with PIK3CA mutations have a heterogeneous drug-response pattern. We show that targeting truncal events is more efficacious than targeting private events in reducing the tumor burden. In summary, this work demonstrates that evolutionary inference from integrated genomic analysis in multisector biopsies can inform targeted therapeutic interventions for patients with GBM.</P>
Radiolucent implantable electrocardiographic monitoring device based on graphene
Bong, Jihye,Attia, Zachi I.,Vaidya, Vaibhav R.,Jung, Yei Hwan,Padmanabhan, Deepak,Lee, Juhwan,Kim, Hyungsoo,Ladewig, Dorothy J.,Noseworthy, Peter A.,Asirvatham, Samuel J.,Park, Dong-Wook,Friedman, Pau Elsevier 2019 Carbon Vol.152 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Conventional implantable electrocardiogram monitors are impenetrable to electromagnetic radiation, posing challenges in imaging (i.e. X-rays). In this study, we demonstrate a radiolucent implantable electrocardiogram (ECG) device using graphene sheets and Parylene substrate which allows bypassing of electromagnetic radiation through the implanted device. Evaluated on a canine model, the graphene electrodes detect signals comparable to those recorded using surface electrodes, presenting a valuable and novel modality for medium and long-term monitoring of cardiac rhythm. When compared with current technology, the new system has the distinct advantages of being flexible and radiolucent, thereby improving patient comfort, and avoiding device artifact and shadowing on clinical radiographic imaging.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>