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McDowell Andrea,Kang Juwon,Yang Jinho,Jung Jihee,Oh Yeon-Mok,Kym Sung-Min,Shin Tae-Seop,Kim Tae-Bum,Jee Young-Koo,Kim Yoon-Keun 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-
Although mounting evidence suggests that the microbiome has a tremendous influence on intractable disease, the relationship between circulating microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs) and respiratory disease remains unexplored. Here, we developed predictive diagnostic models for COPD, asthma, and lung cancer by applying machine learning to microbial EV metagenomes isolated from patient serum and coded by their accumulated taxonomic hierarchy. All models demonstrated high predictive strength with mean AUC values ranging from 0.93 to 0.99 with various important features at the genus and phylum levels. Application of the clinical models in mice showed that various foods reduced high-fat diet-associated asthma and lung cancer risk, while COPD was minimally affected. In conclusion, this study offers a novel methodology for respiratory disease prediction and highlights the utility of serum microbial EVs as data-rich features for noninvasive diagnosis.
Jinho Yang,Andrea McDowell,Eun Kyoung Kim,Hochan Seo,Won Hee Lee,Chang-Mo Moon,Sung-Min Kym,Dongho Lee,Young Soo Park,Young-Koo Jee,Yoon-Keun Kim 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer and poses a critical public health threat due to theglobal spread of westernized diets high in meat, cholesterol, and fat. Although the link between diet and colorectalcancer has been well established, the mediating role of the gut microbiota remains elusive. In this study, we sought toelucidate the connection between the gut microbiota, diet, and CRC through metagenomic analysis of bacteriaisolated from the stool of CRC (n = 89) and healthy (n = 161) subjects. This analysis yielded a dozen genera that weresignificantly altered in CRC patients, including increased Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Dorea, and Porphyromonasprevalence and diminished Pseudomonas, Prevotella, Acinetobacter, and Catenibacterium carriage. Based on thesealtered genera, we developed two novel CRC diagnostic models through stepwise selection and a simplified modelusing two increased and two decreased genera. As both models yielded strong AUC values above 0.8, the simplifiedmodel was applied to assess diet-based CRC risk in mice. Mice fed a westernized high-fat diet (HFD) showed greaterCRC risk than mice fed a regular chow diet. Furthermore, we found that nonglutinous rice, glutinous rice, and sorghumconsumption reduced CRC risk in HFD-fed mice. Collectively, these findings support the critical mediating role of thegut microbiota in diet-induced CRC risk as well as the potential of dietary grain intake to reduce microbiota-associatedCRC risk. Further study is required to validate the diagnostic prediction models developed in this study as well as thepreventive potential of grain consumption to reduce CRC risk.