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Martynova, S. A.,Plyusnin, P. E.,Asanova, T. I.,Asanov, I. P.,Pishchur, D. P.,Korenev, S. V.,Kosheev, S. V.,Floquet, S.,Cadot, E.,Yusenko, K. V. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.42 No.3
<P>[M(NH3)5Cl][IrCl6], M = Co, Cr, Ru, Rh, and Ir, were proposed as single-source precursors for bimetallic alloys. Their thermal decomposition in inert and reductive atmospheres below 700 °C results in the formation of nanostructured porous Ir0.5M0.5 alloys. Salts decompose with a significant exothermal effect during the first stage of their thermal breakdown in an inert atmosphere above 200 °C. The exothermal effect gradually decreases in the series: [Co(NH3)5Cl][IrCl6] (1) > [Cr(NH3)5Cl][IrCl6] (2) > [Ru(NH3)5Cl][IrCl6] (3) > [Rh(NH3)5Cl][IrCl6] (4); [Ir(NH3)5Cl][IrCl6] (5) does not exhibit any thermal effects and decomposes at much higher temperatures. To shed light on their thermal decomposition and the nature of the exothermal effect, DSC-EGA, <I>in situ</I> and <I>ex situ</I> IR, Raman, XPS and XAFS studies were performed. A combination of complementary techniques suggests a simultaneous ligand exchange and a reduction of central atoms as key processes. In [Co(NH3)5Cl][IrCl6], Co(iii) and Ir(iv) simultaneously oxidise coordinated ammonia, which can be detected due to a significant exothermal effect and the presence of Co(ii) and Ir(iii) in the intermediate product. The appearance of Ir-N frequencies demonstrates a ligand exchange between cations and the [IrCl6]<SUP>2−</SUP> anion. Salts with Cr(iii), Ru(iii), and Rh(iii) show a much lower exothermal effect due to the stability of their oxidation states. Salts with Rh(iii) and Ir(iii) demonstrate a high thermal stability and a low tendency for ligand exchange as well as decomposition with exothermal effects.</P>
Asanova, Tatyana I.,Asanov, Igor P.,Kim, Min-Gyu,Gorgoi, Mihaela,Sottmann, Jonas,Korenev, Sergey V.,Yusenko, Kirill V. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 New journal of chemistry Vol.42 No.7
<P>A new approach based on a combination of synchrotron radiation techniques, such as X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), has been applied to <I>in situ</I> study the processes of thermal decomposition of inorganic compounds and the formation of bimetallic nanoalloys. As an example, a double complex salt, [Pd(NH3)4][PtCl6], was selected because of (i) its sufficiently complicated structure and previous studies conducted <I>via</I> thermal analysis, <I>ex situ</I> PXRD and XPS, and (ii) its use as a prospective single-source precursor for the preparation of bimetallic (PdPt) nanoparticles or nanoalloys. The differences between the mechanisms based on <I>ex situ</I> and <I>in situ</I> data have been discussed for the first time. It has been found that the first step of thermal decomposition is related to the formation of crystalline [Pd(NH3)2Cl2][Pt(NH3)2Cl4]. Further decomposition results in the formation of {PdCl2}, {PtCl2}, and (NH4)2[PtCl6] in the second step. In the final step, the intermediates are completely reduced, and a bimetallic nanoalloy is formed. The different means of Pd and Pt reduction on the surface and in the bulk result in the formation of a disordered nanoalloy with possible monometallic inclusions. Further heating orders the nanoalloy that is accompanied by a decrease in the positive charge on Pt.</P>