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- 저자 : Kevin G. Chan (검색결과 2 건)
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Yang, Soo Jung,Ahn, Sejin,Park, Chan Sik,Holmes, Kevin L,Westrup, Jenifer,Chang, Cheong Hee,Kim, Moon G Oxford University Press 2006 International immunology Vol.18 No.5
<P>The dynamics of MHC II expression in various thymic stromal compartments was investigated. By including MHC II in flow cytometry in addition to the cortical CDR1, medullary UEA-1 and pan-epithelial G8.8 markers, thymic stromal compartments were subdivided into at least six different populations. The total level of surface and cytoplasmic MHC II from fresh cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) of normal mouse was as high as MHC II levels in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). MHC II levels as well as the percentages and cycling status of thymic epithelial cell populations expressing MHC II were not static during post-natal development, suggesting quantitative flexibility in presenting signals to the developing thymocytes. Although there was no evidence found for regulation of surface MHC II levels by TCR or by IFN-γ, the absence of class II transactivator reduced both the level of MHC II expression and the number of MHC II<SUP>+</SUP> cells. Surprisingly, MHC II molecules were found to form distinct focal aggregates on the surface of cTEC but not mTEC using high-resolution analysis by confocal microscopy. Moreover, these aggregates were formed independent of TCR or TCR-bearing cells in the thymus. These aggregates could potentially generate a functional unit containing a much higher local MHC II concentration to yield a higher avidity interaction. We discuss possible mechanisms for positive selection by weak interactions in the presence of such preformed MHC II aggregate units in cTEC.</P>
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Penile inversion through a penoscrotal incision for the treatment of penile urethral strictures
Jonathan N Warner,James M Tracey,Ali A Zhumkhawala,Kevin G. Chan,Clayton S. Lau 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.2
Purpose: This article describes a novel technique for the repair of penile urethral strictures and establishes the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of this innovative surgical approach. Materials and Methods: Patients with urethral strictures underwent a one-sided anterior dorsal oral mucosal graft urethroplasty through a penoscrotal inversion technique. The clinical outcome was considered a failure when any instrumentation was needed postoperatively, including dilatation. Results: Five patients underwent the novel procedure. The patients' mean age was 58 years. The cause of stricture was instrumentation in 2 cases (40%), lichen sclerosis in 1 case (20%), and failed hypospadias repair in 2 cases (40%). The mean stricture length was 3 cm. The overall mean (range) follow-up was 6 months (range, 3–9 months). Of the 5 patients, 4 (80%) had a successful outcome and 1 (20%) had a failed outcome. The failure was successfully treated by use of a meatotomy. Conclusions: The penile inversion technique through a penoscrotal incision is a viable option for the management of penile urethral strictures with several advantages to other techniques: namely, no penile skin incision, a single-stage operation, and supine positioning.
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