Comparison of Automatic and Human Evaluation of L2 Texts in Czech

Svatava Škodová,Kateřina Rysová,Magdaléna Rysová 한국슬라브어학회 2019 슬라브어연구 Vol.24 No.1

In this paper, we introduce an experimental probe comparing how texts written by non-native speakers of Czech are evaluated by a software application (computer program) EVALD and by teachers of Czech as a foreign language. The hypothesis for the probe was that teachers, even if they are given structured instruction for evaluation and go through the standardization process, are not able to reach satisfactory results and to agree on the same evaluation, which depreciates the whole text evaluation process. This is a problem especially for objective assessment during certificated exams such as the Exam for Permanent Residence. A group of 44 teachers of Czech as a foreign language who underwent special training and the computer program evaluated 2 texts from the point of view of relevant features of the A1–C1 levels established by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The task included evaluation of the overall level of the texts and evaluation of specific aspects of the texts: punctuation, morphology, lexis, syntax and coherence. We compare the evaluation of the text among the teachers and the teachers with the computer program. In the general evaluation, only 41% of persons agreed on the same level for text A and 50% for text B (we describe and interpret the agreement in the evaluation of orthography, morphology, syntax, lexis and coherence below). The lowest rate of inter-evaluator agreement was in orthography – 38% for text A and 40% for text B. In morphology, 59% of persons agreed on the same level for text A and 61% for text B. We further compared human and automatic agreement on the evaluation. 41% of teachers agreed with the program on the evaluation of text A and 50% of text B. Again, we also compared the results on the particular language and text levels. Our results clearly show that human evaluation is rather inconsistent and it would be advisable to use automatic evaluation in cases where consistency and high agreement is desired.

Association of HLA Variants with Sarcoidosis in Koreans

( Ho Jeong Kim ),( Kateřina Sikorová ),( Martin Petřek ),( Veronika Žižková ),( Su-jin Moon ),( Jin Woo Song ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Background Sarcoidosis is the immune-mediated disease and the role of HLA polymorphisms was implicated. However, the association between HLA polymorphisms and sarcoidosis in Koreans has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HLA variation in the etiopathogenesis of sarcoidosis in Koreans using next-generation sequencing. Methods In this study, 63 patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea, were enrolled. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was based on the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases (WASOG) Assessment Instrument. We performed genotyping of 7 HLA loci (HLA-A, -B, -C, DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPB1) by Omixon Holotype™ kit and Twin software™. HLA allele frequency of sarcoidosis patients was compared with data on healthy Koreans from the allelic frequency database (http://allelefrequencies.net, South Korea pop1 and pop3). Results Of total subjects, the mean age was 45.8 years, and 33.3% were men. The allele frequencies were different between the sarcoidosis cases and the healthy population, especially in HLA-class II. Alleles HLA-DQA1*05:08; DQB1*03:01 and DRB1*12:01 showed significantly higher frequencies in patients with sarcoidosis compared with healthy subjects (Figure 1). By contrast, alleles HLA DQA1*01:02; DQB1*03:02 and DRB1*13:02 were more common in healthy subjects than sarcoidosis cases. Alleles HLA-A*31:01; A*02:06 and DQB1*06:01 were significantly associated with treated patients. Conclusions In this pilot study, we found some sarcoidosis-associated variants in Koreans, especially in the HLA-class II. Korean patients showed different HLA variants compared with that in Western patients.

Association of Immune Related Genes with Sarcoidosis in Korean Population

( Hee-young Yoon ),( Martin Petřek ),( Kateřina Sikorová ),( Adam Strnad ),( Lenka Kocourková ),( Su-jin Moon ),( Jin Woo Song ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-

Background Sarcoidosis is the immune-mediated disease, characterized by the formation of non-caseating epithelioid granulomas. Genetic factors affecting immune and inflammatory reactions have important role in pathophysiology of sarcoidosis. However, genetic factors of sarcoidosis in Koreans were not well known. Thus, we investigated the variability in polymorphic variants in genes involved in inflammation, immune system and granulomas development. Methods Twenty Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) in 141 Korean patients with sarcoidosis were genotyped using multiplexed MassARRAY® iPLEX assay based on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Agena Bioscience, CA, USA). SNPs frequency data in patients were compared with SNPs frequencies of healthy East Asia population from a database (ensembl.org). Each SNP was tested for HWE (> 0.01). Association was determined using allelic model with Fischer’s exact test with Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons. Results We found six SNPs associated with sarcoidosis after Bonferroni’s correction. Of them, three (TGF-β3 rs3917200, TAP2 rs3819717, and HLA-DRB1*03:01 rs2040410) were protective factors (odds ratio [OR]< 1. while other three) (TGF-β2 rs1891467, HLADRA, HLA-DRB5 rs1964995, and HLA-DQA1 rs2187668) were risk factors (OR >1) (Table 1). In addition, SNP rs2040410 HLADRB1* 03:01 was a protective factor extrapulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis (OR: 0.319 [0.154-0.661], pcorr=0.006). Conclusions We report SNPs in TAP2, TGF-β and HLA class II genes associated with sarcoidosis in Koreans. Further work in extended cohort is required to validate these findings and investigate their possible relationship with clinical course of sarcoidosis.

Simple Fabrication of Polycaprolactone-co-lactide Membrane with Silver Nanowires: Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity Studies

Zuzana Šimonová,Ludmila Porubová,Adam Verner,Roman Gabor,Zuzana Vilamová,Edmund Dobročka,Miroslav Cieslar,Veronika Krbečková,Kateřina Peterek Dědková,Ladislav Svoboda,Jiří Bednář,Richard Dvorský,Jana 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.11

Our simple technique of polymer/metal-based material preparation produces very promising material, and weoutline that this material can be suitable for the potential wound healing multilayered dressing. In our research we focused onthese main issues: (1) the preparation of silver nanowire-like structures using gallic acid (GA); (2) direct silver nanowire-likestructure crystallization of co-polymer L-lactide and ε-caprolactone (PLCL) electrospun fiber and (3) evaluation of thematerial cytotoxicity on the Vero cell line. Synthesized silver nanowire-like width varied from 30 to 100 nm and thehexagonal particles had sizes from 80 to 300 nm. The detected structures were crystalline cubic silver and were similarlysynthesized during both batch synthesis and direct synthesis on the PLCL fibers. The amount of the silver spread within thefibrous membrane was approximately 1.1 wt. % in the sample, moreover, the silver incorporation had no influence on thepolymer structure, which was confirmed by FTIR measurement. The cytotoxicity testing estimated that cell survivalincreased with decreased concentration of GA and silver in the PLCL matrix and the silver-based sample in 50 % MTTextraction concentration maintained required non-cytotoxic properties.

Derivations of the band-importance function: A cross-procedure comparison.

Jin, In-Ki,Kates, James M,Lee, Kyoungwon,Arehart, Kathryn H American Institute of Physics for the Acoustical S 2015 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol.138 No.2

<P>The purpose of this study was to compare band-importance functions (BIFs) derived by two different procedures. Intelligibility data from native speakers of Korean were used. BIFs were derived using an established procedure reported by Studebaker and Sherbecoe [J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 34, 427-438 (1991)] and by a recently published method reported by Kates [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134(5), EL459-EL464 (2013)]. The BIFs produced by the two different procedures were similar. These results indicate that the BIF calculation procedure by Kates is accurate for sentences as well as for the monosyllables used in its derivation.</P>

미국 사회적 기업의 새로운 방향

Kate Cooney 한국노동연구원 2014 국제노동브리프 Vol.12 No.10

Predicting Powder-Polymer Mixture Properties for PIM Design

Kate, K.H.,Enneti, R.K.,Park, S.-J.,German, R.M.,Atre, S.V. CRC PRESS LLC 2014 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN SOLID STATE AND MATERIALS SCIE Vol.39 No.3

Powder injection molding (PIM) is a high-volume manufacturing technique for fabricating ceramic and metal components that have complex shapes. In PIM design, it is important to know the injection molding behavior at different powder-polymer compositions so as to understand the trade-offs between ease-of-fabrication, process throughput, and part quality at the design stage. A limited database of materials properties at different powder-polymer compositions is a significant challenge that needs to be addressed in order to conduct accurate computer simulations that aid part and mold design in PIM. However, accurate material property measurements are expensive and time-consuming. In order to resolve these conflicting challenges it is hypothesized that experimental measurements of material properties of a filled polymer at a specific filler content combined with similar measurements of unfilled polymer will be adequate to estimate the dependence of properties on filler content using rule-of-mixture models. To this end, this article focuses on a literature review of experimental data obtained from measurements of rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties for a wide range of powder-polymer mixtures at various filler volume fractions. The experimental data were compared to property estimates using various predictive models. It is expected that the current review will be valuable in selecting appropriate predictive models for estimating properties based on the input data requirements for commercially available mold-filling simulation platforms such as Moldflow (R) and PIMSolver (R). The combined protocol will be useful to design new materials and component geometries as well as optimize process parameters while eliminating expensive and time-consuming trial-and-error practices prevalent in PIM.

Measurements of Powder??Polymer Mixture Properties and Their Use in Powder Injection Molding Simulations for Aluminum Nitride

Kate, K. H.,Onbattuvelli, V. P.,Enneti, R. K.,Lee, S. W.,Park, S. J.,Atre, S. V. Springer Verlag 2012 JOM Vol.64 No.9

BEYOND THE METRICS: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS IN THE FASHION SECTOR

Kate Armstrong,Eva Schwarz,Marta Blazquez,Matteo Montecchi 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

Anna Dello Russo has worked with H&M, the Sartorialist's Scott Schuman has written his second book and home-grown Susie Bubble has consulted for Gap, Armani and Selfridges to name a few. There is no doubt that these figures are key influencers in the world of fashion and they are turning their efforts and knowledge into fiscal benefits. Fashion blogs have become not only a form of user-generated content, a medium for communicating to the masses without any prior training or knowledge, but have also evolved to become a new marketing communications channel in their own right. Fashion writers are not only dictating content to esteemed fashion titles that were once only contributed to by the fashion journalist elite, but they are engaged as brand consultants with the aim of shaping the future direction of brands in terms of content, style and scope. When did all this power and influence happen and how can we measure it? This is the central question inherent to this study’s focus. The dynamic nature of digital, online and social media activities means that most research is out of date or getting closer to ‘expiry’ even as the ink dries on the page. To exemplify: research dated just three years ago still includes MySpace in a comprehensive list of online networks and social media sites (e.g. Mir and Zaheer, 2012) and ‘second life’ as an innovation [albeit this has been experiencing somewhat of a renaissance within certain consumer sectors in recent times]. This aside, the point is thus: academic scholarship cannot keep up with the rapid rate of digital change in the landscape, but it continues to try, as does this humble study. A volume of research has recently contributed to the understanding of the influence of social media in the fashion sphere, predominately from an electronic word-of-mouth (e-wom) perspective, for example (Bronner and Hoog, 2013; Fang, 2014; Hennig-Thurau, 2004; Kulmala et al., 2013; Liu, 2006; Trusov et al., 2009) engagement with social media (e.g. Campbell et al, 2012; Dhaoui, 2014). This body of literature has supplied a solid foundation for understanding why user-generated content may be shared and under what circumstances and to whom. However, a limitation of these significant contributions are reasons for propensity to influence, that is, once it has been shared, distributed and circulated, how do we measure the impact of this influence? Yes we can use analytics to quickly demonstrate quantitative and numerical impact in terms of followers, traffic, interaction, sales and (not so quickly) the wider reach of blogs on PR for brands, brand-metrics and customer engagement. But what about the wider influential impact of key social media writers and opinion leaders, or those that follow and listen to them: how can we evaluate this impact of influence? How does it work? Why does it work with some over others? We seek to find answers around this notion of social influence and ask: why do people listen to bloggers? Do consumers of this information distinguish between platforms: do they prefer blogs? Twitter? Picture-content through Instagram or Pinterest? Is there a gender difference? Considering also the rise in ‘erasable’ social media in the form of SnapChat, which lasts ten seconds before ‘self destructing’: what impact are these having in terms of influence in particular sectors like fashion, how can brands harness this power and use it to build equity, target new consumers, increase sales and revenue? In other geographical domains, such as China, where social media constraints and censorship are notable, emerging applications like WeChat are increasing in popularity, first with consumers, but retail and fashion brands are also beginning to endorse them to facilitate a meaningful conversation with their customers through these innovations. We also aim to explore the current state of play regarding terminology for social media contributors – are they still bloggers even though they create content across-platform? (It would be unusual for example, for a popular and credible blogger to only have a blog and no twitter or Instagram activity). Is the term blogger naturally all-encompassing or is it a misnomer that we need to create new terminology to explain these phenomena? Cullen (2014) the fashion magazine editor of Elle Australia created a blogger award ceremony to honour the contribution of these fashion influencers and comments that: “We picked the ones that we felt have the most traction with our readers. It is very clear we are in a blogger boom right now and everyone wants to jump on the bandwagon and [the nominees] gave fashion this new relevance. They took fashion and democratized it, so rather than have to see what the designer wanted you to see [on the catwalk], they took the runway fashion and put it together in their own ways. They made it wearable, as they mixed it with other labels and all those things that make an outfit work for real life.” This quote serves to illuminate an example of the commercial impact of fashion bloggers in the fashion sector and the relevance that influential opinion leaders believe they can have on their readership. Thus, we seek, through our research, to interrogate existing literature on social media, marketing, consumption and consumer psychological theories in the context of fashion influence with the aim of contributing to understanding in this fast-evolving transformative sector. Social media has been defined as: ‘A group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of User Generated Content. (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010, .61). Within this context, social media applications exist to facilitate user interaction, and include blogs, content communities, discussion boards and chat rooms, product and/or service review sites, virtual worlds, and social networking sites (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010; Mangold and Faulds, 2009). In this paper we focus on social networking, which refers to applications, such as Facebook and Twitter, Instagram/Pinterest and more disposable aps like Snapchat. Essentially, we take an all-embracing approach to understanding social media, as this is simply how it is used by consumers, in the virtual landscape (for example, users do not distinguish between platforms, they simply use the most appropriate means to communicate their content at that time). We aim to contribute a perspective that is original by investigating existing literature in two territories: social media influence and Social Impact Theory, which we will use as a theoretical perspective to explore the influence of social media on fashion. A Theoretical Lens: Social Influence Theory (SIT) After dismissing other theoretical frameworks for our study’s focus including: Uses and Gratifications theory; Involvement and Motivation, the choice to focus on Social Impact Theory (SIT) (Latane, 1981) was rationalized by the centrality of influence as a construct, to the characteristics of the theory. SIT (Latane, 1981) maintains, “as the number of people increases the impact on the target individual’s attitude and behavior enhances”. As influence is inherent to our aim, this theory, albeit being created almost two decades before the concept of social media, may have transferable qualities that may aid comprehension of understanding into the complexities associated with understanding the influence of social media in the fashion sector. This seemingly large leap from a traditional application of the theory to the virtual world is made more plausible by at least one previous study, that has started to also recognize the value of this framework for understanding online activity for example, Mir and Zaheer (2012) who use SIT in the contexts of social media and banking. The theory has not however, been used thus far in the realm of fashion and social media, thus, a study of this kind aims to contribute to knowledge in this field. Social impact has been defined by the founding father of the theory as: ‘Any of the great variety of changes in physiological states and subjective feelings, motives and emotions, cognitions and beliefs, values and behavior, that occur in an individual, human, or animal, as a result of the real, implied or imagined presence or actions of other individuals’. (Latané, 1981, p. 343) Latané (1981) created social impact theory to validate his hypothesis about how influence works, which led to the identification of three factors that make up social impact theory: 1) Strength: How important is the influencing group to the target of the influence; 2) Immediacy: How close in proximity and in time is the influencing group to the target of the influence; 3) Number: How many people are in the influencing group. Taking each one of these in turn, the leverage of these variables to a social media context seems obvious. Social media by its very nature encourages a ‘pull’ approach to groups or communities (hence the ‘strength’ variable); the ‘immediacy’ of social media in the sense that messages can be communicated and responded to in real time, have been facilitated by social media capabilities. Finally, the third variable of SIT is ‘number’; in a virtual world, there is a real sense that there is no limit to the amount of people you can communicate with. To exemplify, we refer to Facebook with its 9 Billion plus users as an example of this reach, or Lady GaGa with her 44 Million plus followers on Twitter. This succinct insight into SIT theory provides a short rationale as to its applicability to a social media context, specifically the fashion sector. A more in-depth analysis of its use and application to this study will be developed for the final paper following data collection.

FESTIVALGOERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD SAFEGUARDING THE FEAST OF THE DRUNKEN DRAGON AND LION DANCE GALA OF MACAO

Kate Kwan Chi Wo,Sharif Shams Imon 대한지리학회 2019 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.11