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Rachel Yi-Xin Ng,Yi-Sheng Wong,Joshua-Yi Yeo,Crystal Ling-Zhen Koh,Cynthia Wilson,Samuel Ken-En Gan 한국식품연구원 2018 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.5 No.3
Background: Dietary quality, biological health, culture, religiosity, and perceived stress are co-related. However, there is a dearth of research conducted on Asian populations in secularized and harmonious multicultural societies. Methods: This study addresses these gaps by conducting an investigation in the multicultural and multireligious Singapore to examine the parameters of culture and gender and the associations with (1) dietary quality, (2) biological health indicators, (3) religiosity, and (4) perceived stress. One hundred fifty participants (18e60 years old) were recruited, and their blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage (BF%) were also measured along with a 5-part questionnaire on demographics, dietary practice, food frequency, religiosity, and perceived stress. Results and conclusion: Results showed that cultural differences are associated with certain dietary practices, where the three ethnic groups of Chinese, Malays, and Indians significantly differed in their choices of meal locations such as Western fast food restaurants (H ¼ 12.369, p ¼ .002061*). Our analysis revealed that perceived stress significantly correlated with fat intake (rs ¼ .169, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .03865) and sugar intake (rs ¼ .172, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .03575). On the other hand, biological parameters such as diastolic BP (rs ¼ .0473, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .565), systolic BP (rs¼ .00972, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .906), BMI (rs ¼ .0403, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .6246), and BF% (rs ¼ .110, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .1811) did not have significant correlations with perceived stress. Similarly, religiosity did not significantly correlate with perceived stress (rs ¼ .025, N ¼ 150, p ¼ .7616). In conclusion, our findings provide insights into the changing intersection of food practices mitigated by ethnicity, religiosity, stress, and gender in the harmonious multiracial and multicultural Singapore.
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Complex and novel determinants of empathy change in medical students
Gerald Sng Gui Ren,Joshua Tung Yi Min,Yeo Su Ping,Lee Shuh Shing,Ma Thin Mar Win,Hooi Shing Chuan,Dujeepa D. Samarasekera 한국의학교육학회 2016 Korean journal of medical education Vol.28 No.1
Purpose: Physician empathy is a core attribute in medical professionals, giving better patient outcomes. Medical school is an opportune time for building empathetic foundations. This study explores empathy change and focuses on contributory factors. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 881 students (63%) from Years 1 to 5 in a Singaporean medical school using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student version (JSPE-S) and a questionnaire investigating the relationship between reported and novel personal-social empathy determinants. Results: Empathy declined significantly between preclinical and clinical years. Female and medical specialty interest respondents had higher scores than their counterparts. Despite strong internal consistency, factor analysis suggested that the JSPE model is not a perfect fit. Year 1 students had highest Perspective Taking scores and Year 2 students had highest Compassionate Care scores. High workload and inappropriate learning environments were the most relevant stressors. Time spent with family, arts, and community service correlated with higher empathy scores, whilst time spent with significant others and individual leisure correlated with lower scores. Thematic analysis revealed that the most common self-reported determinants were exposure to activity (community service) or socialisation, personal and family-related event as well as environment (high work-load). Conclusion: While the empathy construct in multicultural Singapore is congruent with a Western model, important differences remain. A more subtle understanding of the heterogeneity of the medical student experience is important. A greater breadth of determinants of empathy, such as engagement in arts-related activities should be considered.
KCI
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