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Tumour suppressor RNF43 is a stem-cell E3 ligase that induces endocytosis of Wnt receptors
Koo, Bon-Kyoung,Spit, Maureen,Jordens, Ingrid,Low, Teck Y.,Stange, Daniel E.,van de Wetering, Marc,van Es, Johan H.,Mohammed, Shabaz,Heck, Albert J. R.,Maurice, Madelon M.,Clevers, Hans Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2012 Nature Vol.488 No.7413
LGR5<SUP>+</SUP> stem cells reside at crypt bottoms, intermingled with Paneth cells that provide Wnt, Notch and epidermal growth factor signals. Here we find that the related RNF43 and ZNRF3 transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases are uniquely expressed in LGR5<SUP>+</SUP> stem cells. Simultaneous deletion of the two genes encoding these proteins in the intestinal epithelium of mice induces rapidly growing adenomas containing high numbers of Paneth and LGR5<SUP>+</SUP> stem cells. In vitro, growth of organoids derived from these adenomas is arrested when Wnt secretion is inhibited, indicating a dependence of the adenoma stem cells on Wnt produced by adenoma Paneth cells. In the HEK293T human cancer cell line, expression of RNF43 blocks Wnt responses and targets surface-expressed frizzled receptors to lysosomes. In the RNF43-mutant colorectal cancer cell line HCT116, reconstitution of RNF43 expression removes its response to exogenous Wnt. We conclude that RNF43 and ZNRF3 reduce Wnt signals by selectively ubiquitinating frizzled receptors, thereby targeting these Wnt receptors for degradation.
Superconducting junctions of InAs semiconductor nanowires
도용주,Jorden A. van Dam,Erik P. A. M. Bakkers,Leo P. Kouwenhoven 한국초전도학회 2008 Progress in superconductivity Vol.9 No.2
InAs semiconductor nanowires can provide a promising plat ting quantum circuit, which exploits tunable supercurrent under the operation of gate voltage. We report temperature and magnetic field dependence of the nanowire superconducting junctions, which is in agreement with the proximity-effect theory of superconductor-normal metal-superconductor weak link. Superconducting coherence length of the InAs nanowire is estimated from the fit and magnetic-field dependence of the critical current and the subgap structure of dI/dV is discussed as well.
Sipping Test: Checking for Failure of Fuel Elements at the OPAL Reactor
MICHAEL LESLIE SMITH,LINDSEY JORDEN BIGNELL,DIMITRI ALEXIEV1,LI MO 한국원자력학회 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.1
Sipping measurements were implemented at the Open Pool Australian Light water reactor (OPAL) to test for failure in reactor fuel elements. Fission product released by the fuel element into the pool water was measured using both High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detection via samples and a NaI(Tl) detection in-situ with the sipping device. Results from two fuel elements are presented.
SIPPING TEST: CHECKING FOR FAILURE OF FUEL ELEMENTS AT THE OPAL REACTOR
Smith, Michael Leslie,Bignell, Lindsey Jorden,Alexiev, Dimitri,Mo, Li Korean Nuclear Society 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.1
Sipping measurements were implemented at the Open Pool Australian Light water reactor (OPAL) to test for failure in reactor fuel elements. Fission product released by the fuel element into the pool water was measured using both High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detection via samples and a NaI(Tl) detection in-situ with the sipping device. Results from two fuel elements are presented.
Superconducting Junctions of InAs Semiconductor Nanowires
Doh, Yong-Joo,Franceschi, Silvano De,van Dam, Jorden A.,Bakkers, Erik P. A. M.,Kouwenhoven, Leo P. The Korean Superconductivity Society 2008 Progress in superconductivity Vol.9 No.2
InAs semiconductor nanowires can provide a promising platform to integrate superconducting quantum circuit, which exploits tunable supercurrent under the operation of gate voltage. We report temperature and magnetic field dependence of the nanowire superconducting junctions, which is in agreement with the proximity-effect theory of superconductor-normal metal-superconductor weak link. Superconducting coherence length of the InAs nanowire is estimated from the fit and magnetic-field dependence of the critical current and the subgap structure of dI/dV is discussed as well.