二面交雜에 依한 家蠶의 몇가지 計量形質의 組合能力分析

長昌植,孫海龍,金洛相 한국잠사학회 1986 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The general combining ability (GCA), the specific combining ability (SCA) and the reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects were obtained by 8 X 8 diallel crosses of the silkworms with four Japanese races and four Chinese races, total eight lines. The results are as follows: 1. The general combining ability (GCA) effects appeared high significant level in the total and the fifth instar periods (TP, FP), a female and a male cocoon weights (FW, MW), a female and a male cocoon layer weights (FL, ML) and a female and a male cocoon layer ratios (FR, MR). Only the reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects appeared high significant level in the total and the fifth instar periods (TP, FP). 2. The Japanese original silkworm lines varied in the general combining ability effects from -0.864 to 0.578, and the Chinese original silkworm lines did in ones from -0.570 to 1.018. 3. The specific combining ability effects of the silkworm lines made in order of the crossing types of JL (Japanese lines) X CJ, (Chinese lines)>CL X JL>JL X JL>CL X CL in a total cocoon weights and a cocoon layer weights. 4. The reciprocal combining ability effects of the silkworm lines was in order of the crossing types of JL X CL>JL X JL>CL X CL>CL X JL in a total cocoon weights and cocoon layer weights.

누에의 알 및 幼蟲의 發育에 따른 體液蛋白質의 變動

장창식,이상몽,이호웅,박상봉 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1998 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

누에배자 및 유충의 발육단계와 체액단백질의 변동과의 상호관계를 Native-PAGE 및 SDS-PAGE 전기영동방법에 의해 비교 검토한 결과 누에알의 체액단백질 전기영동양상은 난령 1-7일, 난령 8-9일, 부화유충단계의 단백질군등 3군으로 구분가능 하였으며 누에유충의 경우는 1-4령, 5령 체액단백질의 2군으로 구분이 가능하였다. 누에알의 체액단백질은 30K이하의 소분자 단백질 보다는 40-200K의 비교적 대분자 단백질에서 발육에 따라 변동이 심하였고, 누에유충 체액단백질은 30K 근처의 소분자 단백질에서 변동이 심한 것으로 관찰되었다. Haemolymph proteins from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were analysed by Native- and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) during embryonic and larval development. From embryonic development, electrophoretic haemolymph protein patterns were grouped into three categories: day 1 ~ day 7, day 8 ~ day 9 and day 10(newly hatched larval stage) egg proteins. From larval development. also the patterns were grouped into two categories; the 1st ~ the 4th instar and the 5th instar larval haemolymph proteins. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins with M.W. of 40-200KD varied during embryonic development, and the patterns of proteins with M.W. of 30KD varied during larval development.

인공사료잠의 에탄올 분무시 계량형질의 경로계수 분석 : 1. 사육기간과 견의 각 형질을 중심으로 1. The duration of the feeding period and the cocoon traits.

장창식 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.3

가잠을 치잠기(1-3령) 표준 인공사료육시에 발생하는 누룩곰팡이 병잠을 60%에탄올로 소독을 한 후에 병잠을 제거한 표준구와 병잠을 제거하지 않은 처리구에서 각 영별 계량 형질은 털떨이율(1BP) 1령기간(21F), 2령기간(32F), 3령기간(43F), 4령기간(54F), 5령기간(21F), 2령기간(32F), 3령기간(43F), 4령기간(54F), 5령기간(65F), 전령기간(7TF), 암전견중(8fCW), 암견충중(9fSW), 암견층비율(10fSP), 숫전견중(11mCW), 숫견층중(12mSW), 및 숫견층비율(13mSP)을 조사하였다. 장잠기(4-5령)에는 상엽으로 사육하였다. 이들 형질의 발현경로중에 환경 요인을 제거한 순수한 유전력만 발현한 경로계수를 내여, 소독후 병잠의 제거시 즉 표준구와 비제거시 즉 처리구사이에서 나타나는 유전력의 발현이 어떻게 직접 또는 간접 경로계수로 나타났는가를 알아보고자 한다. 앞으로의 연구기초자료로 사용하고자 한다. @1. 직접경로계수를 발현한 형질 @1.1. 암전견중(8Fcw), 암견층중(9Fsw), 암견층비율(10Fsp), 숫전견중(11Mcw), 숫견층중(12Msw) 및 숫견층비율(13mSP)을 표준구 및 처리구에서 크게 증가 또는 감소시킨 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질을 알아 보면 다음과 같다 @1.1.1. 암전견중(8fCW)을 크게 증가시킨 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 표준구와 처리구 양쪽에서 나타나지 않았고, 숫전견중(11mCW)을 크게 증가시킨 직접경로계수를 발현한 형질은 처리구의 1령기간의 1개 형질에서 나타났다. @1.1.2. 암숫 양쪽 전견중(CW)을 크게 감소시킨 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 표준구와 처리구의 양쪽에서 나타나지 않았다. @1.2.1. 암견층중(8fCW)을 크게 증가시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 표준구의 1령기간(1F), 암전견중(8fCW), 숫견층중(12mSW) 및 숫견층비율(13mSP)의 3개 형질로 크게 나타났고, 숫견층중 (13mSP)을 크게 증가시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 처리구에서는 3령기간(43F) 및 암전견중(8fCW)의 1개 형질이 나타났다. @1.2.2. 암견층중(9fSW)을 크게 감소시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 표준구에서 털떨이율(1BP), 4령기간(54F) 및 숫전견중(11mCW)에서 나타났고 숫견층중을 크게 감소시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 표준구에서 암견층중 및 숫견층비율(13mSP)의 3개 형질이 나타났다. @1.3.1. 암견층비율(10fSP)을 크게 증가시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 표준구와 처리구의 양쪽이 공통으로 암전견중(8fCW)의 각 1개씩의 형질로 나타났고, 숫견층비율(13mSP)을 크게 증가시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 표준구에서는 암전견중(8fCW), 숫전견중(11mCW) 및 숫견층중(12mSW) 의 3개 형질이 나타났다. @1.3.2. 암견층비율(10fSP)을 크게 감소시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 표준구 및 처리구 양쪽에서 어떠한 형질도 나타나지 않았고, 숫견층비율(13mSP)을 크게 감소시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 표준구에서 암견층중(9fSW) 및 암견층비율(10fSP)의 2개 형질이, 처리구에서 4령기간(54F) 및 암견층중(9fSW)의 2개 형질이 나타났다. @2. 간접경로계수를 발현한 형질 @2.1. 암전견중 (8fCW), 암견층중(9fSW), 암견층비율(10fSP0, 숫전견중(11mCW), 숫견층중(12mSW) 및 숫견층비율(13mSP)을 크게 증가 또는 감소시킨 간접경로계수를 발현한 형질을 알아 보면 다음과 같다. @2.1.1. 암전견중(8fCW)을 크게 증가시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 표준구중 전령기간(7TFx1개)의 1개 형질이 나타났으나 처리구에서는 한 개의 형질도 나타나지 않았다. 숫전견중(11mCW)을 크게 증가시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 처리구중 1령기간(21Fx1개) 즉 1개 형질이 나타났으나 표준구에서는 한 개의 형질도 나타나지 않았다. @2.1.2. 암전견중(8fCW)을 크게 감소시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 표준구와 처리구 양쪽에서 하나도 발현되지 않았다. 숫전견중(12mSW)을 크게 감소시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 처리구에서는 1령기간(21Fx2개) 즉 2개 형질에서 나타났으나, 표준구에서는 하나도 발현되지 않았다. @2.2.1. 암견층중;9fSW를 크게 증가시키는 큰 간접경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 표준구중 털떨이율(1BPx1개), 2령기간(32Fx3개), 암전견중(8fCWx10개), 암견층비율(10fSPx1개), 숫전견중(10mCWx7개) 및 숫견층중(11mSWx9개) 합계 31개 형질이 나타났으나 처리에서는 한 개의 형질도 나타나지 않았다. 숫전견중;11mCW을 크게 증가시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 표준구중 암전견중(8fCWx6개) 즉 6개 형질이 나타났으며, 처리구중에서는 털떨이율(1BPx1개), 1령기간(21Fx1개) 및 4령기간(54Fx1개) 합계 3개 형질이 나타났다. @2.2.2. 암전견중;8fCW을 크게 감소시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 맣이 상관된 형질은 표준구에서 털떨이율(1BPx6개), 2령기간(32Fx4개), 암전견중(8fCWx1개), 암견층중(9fSWx6개), 숫전견중(11mCWx2개) 및 숫견층비율(13mSPx10개) 합계29개 형질이 나타났으나, 처리구에서는 한 개의 형질도 나타나지 않았다. 숫전견중;11mCW을 크게 감소시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는데 가장 맣이 상관된 형질은 처리구에서는 표준구에서 암전견중(8fCWx3개) 및 숫견층비율(13mSPx2개) 합계 5개 형질이 나타났으며, 처리구에서도 털떨이율(1BPx1개) 및 4령기간(54Fx4개) 합계 5개 형질이 나타났다. @2.3.1. 암견층비율;10fSP을 크게 증가시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 맣이 상관된 형질은 처리구중 3령기간(43Fx3개) 및 암전견중(8fCWx6개) 합계 9개 형질이 나타났고, 표준구에서는 암전견중(8fCW) 1개 형질에서 발현되었다. 숫전견층비율(13mSP)을 크게 증가시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발 현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 표준구중 암전견중(8fCWx6개), 숫전견중(8mCWx6개) 및 숫견층중(9mSWx5개) 계 17개 형질이 나타났으며, 처리구중에서는 2령기간(32Fx6개), 3령기간(43Fx2개), 4령기간(54Fx2개) 및 암견층중(9fSWx1개) 합계 11개 형질이 나타났다. @2.3.2. 암견층비율;10fSP을 크게 감소시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 처리구에서 3령기간(43Fx8개) 및 암전견중(8fCWx3개) 합계 8개 형질이 나타났으나, 표준구에서는 한 개의 형질도 나타나지 않았다. 숫견층비율;13Msp을 크게 감소시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 처리구에서는 2령기간(32Fx2개), 3령기간(43Fx2대), 4령기간(54Fx5개) 및 암전견중(8fCWx4개) 합계 13개 형질이 나타났으며, 표준구에서도 암견층중(9fSWx5개) 및 암견층비율(10fSPx2개) 합계 7개 형질이 나타났다. The control block(CB) removed to the Aspergillus disease silkworm larvae after 60% ethanol disinfection on the standard artificial diet rearing for whole instar. The treat block(TB) did not removed to the Aspergillus disease silkworm larvae on one. Young silkworm period(1-3 instar) was reared by the artificial diet, and grown silkworm period(4-5 instar) was reared by the mulberry leaves. The measured traits were 1BP; the bristling percentage, 21F; 1st instar feeding period, 32F; 2nd instar feeding period), 43F; 3rd instar feeding period), 54F; 4th instar feeding period), 65F; 5th instar feeding period, 7TF; the duration of total feeding period, 8CW; the female cocoon weight, 9fLW; the female cocoon shell weight, 10fSP; the percentage of the female cocoon shell weight, 11mCW; the male whole cocoon weight, 12mSW; the male cocoon shell weight, 13mSP; the percentage of the male cocoon shell weight. It were analyzed the path coefficient(y) that the phenotype factor were excepted between the phenotype and the genotype in the traits. It analyzed to the manifestation on the direct effect and the indirect effect of the path coefficient(y) on the traits between the CB and TB The data shall use the research base. 1. The trait manifestation on the direct effect of the path coefficient (DEPC). 1. 1.1. The female whole cocoon weight(fCW) was not increased big by the DEPC of the traits on the CB and the TB. The male whole cocoon weight(mCW) was increased big by the DEPC of the path coefficient(y) of 1st instar feeding period(1F). 1.1.2. The female and male whole cocoon weight(fCW & mCW) was not decreased big by the DEPC of the traits between the CB and the TB. 1.2.1. The female cocoon shell weight(fSW) was increased big by the DEPC of lst instar feeding period(1F), the female cocoon shell weight(fSW), the male cocoon shell weight(mSW) and the male cocoon shell percentage(mSP) on the CB. The male cocoon shell weight(mSW) was increased big by the DEPC of 3rd instar feeding period(3F) and the female whole cocoon weight(fCW) on the TB, and the female whole cocoon weight(fCW) on the CB. 1.2.2. The female cocoon shell weight(fSW) was decreased big by the DEPC of the bristling percentage(BP), 4th instar feeding period(4F) and the male whole cocoon weight(mCW) on the CB. The male cocoon shell weight(mSW) was decreased big by the DEPC of the female cocoon shell weight(fSW) and the male cocoon shell weight percentage(mSP) on the CB. 1.3.1. The female cocoon shell weight percentage(fSP) was increased big by the DEPC of the female whole cocoon weight(fCW) on the CB and on the TB. The male cocoon shell weight percentage(mSP) was increased big by the DEPC of the female whole cocoon weight(fCW), the male whole cocoon weight(mCW) and the male cocoon shell weight(mSW) on the CB. 1.3.2. The female cocoon shell weight percentage(fSP) was not decreased big by the DEPC of the traits on the CB and the TB. The male cocoon shell weight percentage(mSP) was decreased big by the DEPC of the female cocoon shell weight(fSW) and the female cocoon shell weight percentage(fSP) on the CB and 4th instar feeding period(4F) and the female cocoon shell weight(fSW) on TB. 2. The trait manifestation on the indirect effect of the path coefficient (IDEPC). 2.1.1. The female whole cocoon weight(fCW) was increased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; the female total feeding period(TF x 1 each) on the CB. The male whole cocoon weight(mCW) was increased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; the lst instar feeding period(1F x 1 each) on the TB, 1.1.2. The female whole cocoon weight(fCW & mCW) was not decreased big by the IDEPC on the CB and the TB. But The male whole cocoon weight(mCW) was not decreased big by the IDEPC to be the lst instar feeding period(1F x 2 each) on the TB, none on the CB. 2.2.1. The female cocoon shell weight(fLW) was increased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; the bristle percentage(BPx1 each), 2nd instar feeding period(2Fx3 each), the female whole cocoon weight(fCWx10 each), the female cocoon shell weight percentage(fLPx1 each), the male whole cocoon weight(mCw x7 each) and the male cocoon shell weight(mSWx9 each) total 31 each traits on the CB, but none on the TB. The male cocoon shell weight(mLW) was increased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; the female whole cocoon weight(fCWx6 each) on the CB, and the bristling percentage(BPx1 each), lst instar feeding period(1Fx1 each) and 4th instar feeding period(4Fx1 each) total on the TB. 2.2.2. The female cocoon shell weight(fLW) was decreased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; the bristling percentage(BPx6 each), the male whole cocoon weight(mCWx each) and the male cocoon shell weight percentage(mSPx 10 each) total 29 each traits on the CB, but none on the TB. The male cocoon shell weight(mLW) was decreased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; the female whole cocoon weight(fCW x 3 each) and the male cocoon shell weight percentage(mSP x 2 each) total 5 each on the CB, and the bristling percentage(BP x 1 each) and 4th instar feeding period(4F x 4 each) total 5 each on the TB. 2.3.1. the female cocoon shell weight percentage(fSP) was increased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; 3rd instar feeding period(3Fx 3 each) and the female whole cocoon weight(fCW x 6 each) total 9 each traits on the CB, but none o the TB. The male cocoon shell weight percentage(mSP) was increased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; the female whole cocoon weight(fCW x 6 each), the male whole cocoon weight(mCW x 6 each) and the male cocoon shell weight(mSW x 5 each) total 17 each on the CB, and 2nd instar feediing period(2F x 6 each), 3rd instar feeding period(3F x 2 each) and 4th instar feeding period(4F x 2 each) total 10 each on the TB. 2.3.2. The female cocoon shell weight percentage(10fSP) was decreased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; 3rd instar feeding period(43F x 8 each) and the female whole cocoon weight(8fCW x 3 each) total 8 each traits on the TB, but none on the CB. The male cocoon shell weight percentage(13mSP) was decreased big by the IDEPC to be the big related traits; 2nd instar feeding period(32F x 2 each), 3rd instar feeding period(43F x 2 each), 4th instar feeding period(54F x 5 each) and the female whole cocoon weight(8Fcw x 4 each) total 13 each on the TB, and the female cocoon shell weight(9fSW x 5 each) and the female cocoon shell weight percentage(10fSP x 2 each) total 7 each on the CB.

인공사료잠의 에탄올 噴霧時의 計量形質의 遺傳力과 共相關分析

張昌植 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.3

백옥잠을 누에인공사료로 치잠기에 사육중 자연적으로 발생한 누룩곰팡이에 감염된 누에를 젓가락으로 제거하고 60% 에탄올을 뿌린 표준구(CSB)와 제거하지 않고 60% 에탄올을 뿌린 처리구(6TSB)와 70% 에탄올을 뿌린 처리구(7TSB)에서 누에의 각종 계량형질의 유전력과 공상관 즉 표현형상관과 유전형상관이 어떻게 발현되는가를 분석하여 보면 다음과 같다. 1. 인공사료육을 한 누에의 각 형질의 적합성 판정기준 털떨이비율, 2령, 3령의 각 기잠 비율은 잠사곤충연구소의 인공사료 합격판정 기준보다 크게 나와서 털떨이비율, 2령기잠비율 및 3령기잠비율은 물론이고 4령과 5령의 각 기잠비율과 화용비율의 성적이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 遺傳力 2.1.1 표준구(CSB)와 60% 에탄올 처리구(6TSB)의 각 유전력. (1) 치잠기에는 각 털떨이수량의 각 유전력과 처리구의 3령기잠수량의 유전력이 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었다. 장잠기의 각 처리구별 각 형질별의 유전력은 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 각구별 각형질별로 장잠기에는 무유의성이었다. (2) 雌繭에서 표준구의 전견중의 유전력만이 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 다른 형질의 유전력은 無유의성이었다. (3) 雄繭에서 표준구의 전견중의 유전력은 負의 방향으로 표준구의 견층비율의 유전력은 正의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 다른 유전력은 無유의성을 나타내었다. 2.1.2. 표준구와 70% 에탄올 처리구(7TSB)의 각 유전력. (1) 치잠기에는 표준구와 처리구(7TSB)의 각 털떨이수량, 표준구의 2령기잠수량 및 처리구의 3령기잠수량의 유전력은 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었다. 장잠기에는 兩區에서 각 화용수량만 負의 방향으로 유의서을 나타내었다. (2) 雌繭에서 표준구의 전견중의 유전력만이 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 다른 형질의 유전력은 無유의성이었다. (3) 雄繭에서 70% 에탄올 처리구(7TSB)에서 털떨이수량, 표준구의 견층중의 유전력이 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 표준구의 견층비율의 유전력은 正의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었다. 2.1.3. 60% 에탄올 처리구(6TSB)와 7% 에탄올 처리구(7TSB)의 각 유전력. (1) 치잠기에는 처리구(7TSB)의 2령기잠수량의 유전력만 無유의성이며, 처리구(6TSB)와 처리구(7TSB)의 털떨이수량, 처리구(7TSB)의 2령기잠수량, 처리구(6TSB)와 처리구(7TSB)의 3령기잠수량의 유전력은 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었다. 장잠기에는 각구별 각형질별 유전력은 모두가 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었다. (2) 雌繭에서 70% 에탄올 처리구(7TSB)의 전견중과 견층중의 유전력만이 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 다른 형질의 유전력은 無유의성이었다. (3) 雄繭에서 60% 에탄올 처리구(6TSB)의 전견중의 유전력은 正의 방향으로 60% 에탄올 처리구(6TSB)(의 견층중과 70% 에탄올 처리구(7TSB)의 견층비율의 유전력이 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 다른 유전력은 無유의성을 나타내었다. 3. 共相關 3.1.1. 표준구와 60% 에탄올 처리구(6TSB)간의 공상관(표현형, 유전형) (1) 치잠기에는 전견중의 표현형상관이 正의 방향으로 나타났고 장잠기에는 표준구와 처리구(6TSB)간에 5령기잠수량과 화용수량의 표현형상관이 正의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었다. 표준구와 60% 에탄올 처리구(6TSB)간의 각 형질의 유전형상관은 無상관으로 나타났다. (2) 雌繭의 각 형질의 표현형상관은 無유의성으로 나타났고, 이들의 유전형상관도 無상관으로 나타났다. (3) 雄繭의 각 형질의 표현형상관은 전경중만 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 이들 형질의 유전형상관은 無상관을 나타내었다. 3.1.2. 표준구(CSB)와 70% 에탄올 처리구(7TSB)간의 공상관(표현형, 유전형) (1) 치잠기에는 전견중과 3령기잠수량의 표현현상관이 正의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 장잠기에는 4령기잠수량 및 화용수량의 유전력이 正의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었다. 표준구와 60% 에탄올 처리구(6TSB)간의 각 형질의 유전형상관은 無상관으로 나타났다. (2) 雌繭의 각 형질은 표현형상관은 無유의성으로 나타났고, 이들의유전형상관은 無상관으로 나타났다. (3) 雄繭의 각 형질의 표현형상관은 전견중만 유의성을 나타내었고, 이들 형질의 유전형상관은 無상관을 나타내었다. 3.1.3. 60% 에탄올 처리구(6TSB)와 70% 에탄올 처리구(7TSB)간의 공상관(표현형, 유전형). (1) 치잠기에는 털떨이수량, 2령기잠수량 및 3령기잠수량의 표현형상관이 正의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었다. 장잠기에는 4령기잠수량의 표현형상관은 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 5령기잠수량과 화용수량의 표현형상관은 正의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었다. 60% 에탄올 처리구(6TSB)와 70% 에탄올 처리구(7TSB)간에서 각 형질의 유전형상관은 無유의성으로 나타났다. (2) 雌繭의 각 형질의 표현형상관은 전견중은 正의 방향으로, 견층중은 負의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 이들 유전형상관은 無상관으로 나타났다. (3) 雄繭의 각 형질의 표현형상관은 견층중만 正의 방향으로 유의성을 나타내었고, 이들 각 형질의 유전형상관은 無상관으로 나타났다. It was experimented to compare with three rearing methods by the silkworm artificial diet feeding among the control silkworm rearing block(=CSB) spraied 60% ethanol after the disease silkworm larvae remove, the treated silkworm rearing block(=6TSB) spraied 60% ethanol on the disease silkworm larvae, & the treated silkworm rearing block(=7TSB) spraied 70% ethanol on the disease silkworm larvae for young silkworm larvae period in the silkworm rearing room(sample variety: Baekocjam, Bombyx mori L.) There was examined to the silkworm larvae to be infected bacteria or Aspergilosis in the natural occurrence. The quantitative traits were treated statistics to obtain the heritability and the covariance relation(the phenotype or the genotype). The results are as follow: 1. The adaptive adjudge basis of each silkworm traits in the silkworm artificial diet feeding for 1st-3rd instar. It had appeared more effect to the bristling percentage and 2nd and 3rd's each newly exuviated silkworm larvae percentage than the adaptive adjudge basis. 2. The heritability 2.1. The heritability in the quantitative traits on the CSB and 60% ethanol treated 6TSB. (1) It was appeared 5% significant level to the heritability of the negative direction in the bristling heads(on the CSB & the 6TSB) & 3rd newly exuviated silkworm larvae(on the 6TSB). The heritability of the grown silkworm(4th-5th instar) was appeared non-significant level. (2) In the female cocoon, It was appeared 1% significant level to the heritability in the negative direction in the whole cocoon weight(on the CSB). The other heritabilities(both CSB & 6TSB) was appeared non-significant level. (3) In the male cocoon, Its were appeared 1% significant level to the heritability of the negative direction int he total cocoon weight(on the CSB) & the one of the positive direction in the cocoon shell weight percentage(on the CSB). 2.2. The heritability in the quantitative traits on the CSB and 70% ethanol treated 7TSB. (1) Its were appeared 1% significant level to the heritability of the negative direction in the bristling heads(both the CSB & the 7TSB), 2nd instar newly exuviated silkworm larvae quantity(on the CSB) & 3rd instar newly exuviated silkworm larvae quantity(on the 7TSB) for the young silkworm period. It was appeared 1% significant level to the heritability in the negative direction in the pupution heads(both the CSB & the 7TSB) the grown silkworm(4th-5th instar). (2) It was appeared 1% significant level to the heritability in the negative direction in the total cocoon weight(on the CSB). The other heritabilities(both CSB & 7TSB) was appeared non-significant level. (3) Its were appeared 1% significant level to the heritability of the negative direction in total cocoon weight(on the 7TSB) & to one of the positive direction in the cocoon layer weight ratio(on the CSB). 2.3. The heritability in the quantitative treats in 60% ethanol treated 6TSB & 70% ethanol treated 7TSB. (1) Its were appeared 1% significant level to the heritability of the negative direction in the bristling heads(both the 6TSB & the 7TSB), 2nd instar newly exuviated silkworm larvae quantity(on the 7TSB) & 3rd instar newly exuviated silkworm larvae quantity(both the 6TSB & the 7TSB) for the young silkworm period. It was appeared 1% significant level to the heritabiity in the negative direction in the pupution heads(both the CSB & the 7TSB) the grown silkworm(4th-5th instar). (2) In female cocoon, It was appeared 1% significant level to the heritability in the negative direction in the total cocoon weight(female cocoon, on the CSB). The other heritabilities(the female cocoon, on the CSB & the 7TSB) was appeared non-significant level. (3) In the male cocoon, Its were appeared 1% significant level to the heritability of the negative direction in the total cocoon weight(on the 6TSB) & in the cocoon layer weight percentage(on the 7TSB). 3. Covariance 3.1. The covariance(phenotype, genotype) between on the CSB and 60^ ethanol treating on the 6TCB. (1) It was appeared significant level to the phenotypic relation in the positive direction on the total cocoon weight for the young silkworm period. It were significant level to the phenotypic relation in the positive direction in 5th instar exuviated larvae quantity & the pupation heads for the grown silkworm period. It was appeared non-significant level to the genotypic relation in all trait. (2) Int eh female cocoon, it was appeared non-significant level to the phenotypic relation & the genotypic relation on the CW, SW &, SP, (3) In the male cocoon, it was appeared significant level to the phenotypic relation in the total cocoon weight, but to be non-significant level to the genotypic relation on the CW,SW &, SP, 3.2. The covariance (phenotype, genotype) between on the CSB and 70% ethanol 7TCB. (1) It was appeared significant level to the phenotypic relation in the positive direction on the total cocoon weight & 3rd instar exuviated larvae quantity for the young silkworm period. It were significant level to the weight & 3rd instar exuviated larvae quantity for the young silkworm period. It were significant level to the phenotypoic relation in the positive direction in 4th instar exuviated larvae quantity & the pupation heads for the grown silkworm period. It was appeared non-siginificant level to the genotypic relation on the CW, SW &, SP. (2) In the female cocoon, it was appeared non-siginificant level to the phenotypic relation & the genotypic relation on the CW, SW &, SP. (3) In the male cocoon, it was appeared siginificant level to the pahenotypic relation in the total cocoon weight, but to be non-significant level to the genotypic relation on the CW, SW &, SP, 3.3. the covariance(phenotype, genotype) between 60% ethanol treated 6TSB and 70% ethanol treated 7TCB, (1) It was appeared significant level to the phenotypic relation in the positive direction on the bristling heads, 2rd instar exuviated silkworm larvae quantity & 3rd instar exuviated silkworm larvae quantity for the young silkworm period. It were significant level to the phenotypic relation in the negative direction in 4th instar exuviated silkworm larvae quantity for the grown silkworm period, significant level to the phenotypic relation in the positive direction in 5th instar exuviated silkworm larvae quantity & the pupation heads. It was appeared non-significant level to the genotypic relation on the CW, SW &, SP. (2) In the female cocoon, it was appeared significant level to the phenotypic relation in the positive direction in the total cocoon weight, in the negative direction in the ocoon layer weight. It was appeared non-significant level to the genotypic relation on the CW, SW &, SP. (3) In male cocoon, it was appeared significant level to the phenotypic relation in the cocoon layer weight, but to be non-significant level to the genotypic relation on the CW, SW &, SP

수종의 엽채류 및 인공사료에 대한 누에계통의 섭식성 비교

장창식,설광렬,이호웅,이상몽,박상봉,황재삼 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.2

다변량 분석법중 주성분 분석을 이용, 4종의 인공사료 (AD-1 ~AD-4) 및 4종의 엽채류(양배추, 상치, 배추, 쑥갓)에 대한 누에의 섭식성을 분석하였다. 이들 섭식대상물에 대한 누에의 섭식성은 AD-2 인공사료에 대해 가장 높았고 배추 및 쑥갓에 대해서는 가장 낮았다. 대체로 인공사료들에 대한 누에 섭식성의 상호간에 상관관계가 높았고 인공사료와 엽채류에 대한 누에섭식성간에는 낮은 상관을 보였다. 누에섭식성의 주성분 분석결과 제1 및 제2의 2개 주성분에 의해 전정보량의 62%가 해석가능하였고, 제1 주성분은 "광식성 주인자", 제2 주성분은 "광식성 보조인자"로 규정가능하였으며, 이것들은 육종재료의 섭식성 평가에 매우 유익하게 사용되어 질 것으로 생각된다. Principal component analysis was performed on feeding responses of the silkworm to 4 kinds of artificial diets(AD-1, AD-2, AD-3 and AD-4) and of vegetables (Brassica oleracea var, capitata, Lactuca sativa, Brassica pekinensis and Chrysanthemum coronarium). The feeding response of silkworm to AD-2 artificial diet was higher than the others, but those to B. pekinensis and C. coronarium were lowest among those of the feeding materials tested. The each feeding response of silkworm to AD-1, AD-2, AD-3 and AD-4 artificial diets showed highly significant correlation among them. The first two principal components extracted from the feeding responses to the eight feeding materials could account for about sixty two percent of the original information. The first and second principal components were characterized as factors related to "polyphagous major feeding habit" and "polyphagous minor feeding habits", respectively. The silkworm breeding materials with a higher Z₁score will be more useful as a basic breeding source for breeding of common polyphagous silkworm F₁hybrids. These results will be useful for the evaluation of breeding materials of the silkworm in future.

RAPD-PCR 을 이용한 견사곤충간의 공통 DNA band 검출

장창식,황재삼 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1997 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 Operon사의 primer OPM 02, 04, 08을 사용하여 4개종의 견사 곤충별 genomic DNA를 RAPD-PCR법으로 증폭하여 그 전기영동패턴을 서로 비교하였다. 견사곤충은 가잠(잠305 및 잠306). 멧누에, 천잠 및 작잠 의 5개종을 사용하였다. 4종의 견사 곤충간에 공통 PCR증폭 DNA밴드를 검색한 결과, primer OPM 02 사용시험구에서는 0.6kb와 1.7kb에서 공통 밴드가 나타났고, OPM 04 사용시험구에서는 1.0kb에서 공통 밴드가 나타났으며 OPM 08 사용시험구에서는 공통 밴드가 나타나지 않았다. 앞으로 이들 공통밴드의 정확한 유전 정보를 분석하고, 어떠한 유전자이며 어떠한 역할을 하는지를 연구하고자 한다. There were amplified each genome DNAs in several different species of silkmoths (Bombycidae : Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina, Saturniidae : antheraea Yamamai and Antheraea pernyi) by the RAPD-PCR per the primer(10mer), and there were detected the common DNA bands among them. Its were done around 0.6kb and 1.7kb from OPM 02 primer. 1.0kb from OPM 04 primer, none OPM 08 primer. There would be analyzed the sequence of the common DNA bands, and would be studied the action of the gene.

가잠의 인공사료육시 절식시수와 표준에 따른 가잠 계량 형질의 경로계수의 분석 : 1. 사육기간과 견 형질을 중심으로 1. On the Center to the Duration of Silkworm Feeding and Cocoon traits

장창식 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.3

가잠의 표준 인공사료육에 의한 표준구와 각 영별 즉 1령, 2령, 3령, 4령, 5령 각각 1일째, 5령 2일째 그리고 5령 3일째 24시간 절식시킨 각각을 처리구로 하였다. 형질의 조사는 털떨이율;BPP, 1령기간;1F, 2령기간, 2F, 3령기간;3F, 4령기간;4F, 5령기간;5F, 전령기간,TF, 감잠비율;;MP, 전견중;CW, 견층중;SW 및 견층비율;SP의 13개이다. 이들 형질의 발현경로중에 환경요인을 제거한 순수한 유전력만 발현한 경로계수를 내여 표준구와 처리구중에서 나타나는 유전력의 발현력을 분석하여 보았다. 또한 표준구와 처리구별로 가장 직접 또는 간접으로 유전력을 크게 발현한 경로계수를 산출하여 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. @1. 직접경로계수를 발현한 형질 @1.1. 전견중;CW, 견층중;SW 및 견층비율;SP이 표준구, 1령1일째절식구, 2령1일째절식구, 3령1일째절식구, 4령1일째절식구, 5령1일째절식구, 3령1일째절식구, 5령3일째절식구에서 크게 증가 또는 감소시킨 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질을 알아 보면 다음과 같다. @1.1.1. 전견중;CW을 크게 증가시킨 직접 경로계수를 발현한 첫 번째 형질은 처리구중 3령1일째절식구중에서 털떨이율;BP, 1령기간;1F 및 견층중;SW의 4개 이였으며, 두 번째로는 표준구의 털떨이율;BP, 감잠비율;MP 및 견층중;SW의 3개 이였으며, 세 번째로는 처리구중 4령1일째절식구의 1령기간;1F의 1개 형질 이였다. @1.1.2. 전견중;CW을 크게 감소시킨 직접 경로계수를 발현한 첫 번째 형질은 처리구중 4령1일째절식구중에서 털떨이율;BP, 3령기간;3F 및 견층중;SW의 3개 형질이였으며, 두 번째로는 처리구중 3령1일째절식구의 3령기간;3F의 1대 형질이였으며, 세 번째로는 처리구중 2령1일재절식구중의 견층비율;SP 1개 형질이였다. @1.2.1. 견층중;SW을 크게 증가시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 첫 번째로 처리구중 4령1일째절식구중에서 털떨이율;BP, 1령기간;1F 및 3령기간;3F의 3개 형질이였으며, 두 번째로는 표준구의 감잠비율;SP 1개 형질이였다. @1.2.2. 견층중;SW을 크게 감소시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 나타나지 않았다. @1.3.1. 견층비율;SP을 크게 증가시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 첫 번째로 표준구중의 1령기간;1F 1개 형질이였으며, 두 번째로는 퍼리구중의 5령2일째절식구중의 5령1일째절식구중의 견층중;SW 1개 형질이었다. @1.3.2. 견층비율;SP을 크게 감소시키는 직접 경로계수를 발현한 형질은 첫 번째로 표준구중의 털떨이율;BP, 2령기간;1F, 3령기간;3F, 4령기간;4F, 감잠비율;MP 및 전견중;CW의 6개 형질이였으며, 두 번째로는 처리구중의 5령1일째절식구중의 4령기간;4F 및 견층중;SW 2개 형질이었다. @2. 간접경로계수를 발현한 형질 @2.2. 전견중;CW, 견층중;SW 및 견층비율;SP이 표준구, 1령1일째절식구, 2령1일째절식구, 3령1일째절식구, 4령1일째절식구, 5령1일째절식구, 5령2일째절식구, 5령3일째절식구에서 크게 증가 또는 감소시킨 간접 경로계수를 발현한 형질을 알아 보면 다음과 같다. @2.1.1. 전견중;CW을 크게 증가시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 첫 번째로 표준구중의 털떨이율(BPX3개), 감잠비율(MPx5개) 및 견ㅊ으중(SWx4개) 합계12개 형질이며, 두 번째로는 처리구중 4령1일째절식구중의 털떨이율(BPx5개) 및 견층중(SWx4개) 합계12개 형질이며, 두 번째로는 처리구중 4령1일째절식구중의 털떨이율(BPx6개), 1령기간(1Fx5개), 3령기간(3Fx2개) 및 견층중(SWx1개) 합계14개 형질이였다. @2.1.2. 전견중;CW을 크게 감소시키는 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 첫 번째로 표준구중의 털떨이율(BPx4개), 감잠비율(MPx4개) 및 견층중(SWx2개) 합계10개의 형질이였고, 두 번째로는 처리구중 2령1일째절식구 및 3령1일째절식구의 각 견층비율(SPx1개) 합계2개 형질 나타났다. @2.2.1. 견층중;SW을 크게 증가시킨 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 첫 번째로 표준구중 감잠비율(MPx4개)의 형질들이며 두 번째로는 처리구중의 4령1일째절식구중의 털떨이율(BPx1개) 및 1령기간(1Fx1개) 합계 2개 형질이었다. @2.2.2. 견층중;SW을 감소시킨 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 첫 번째로 처리구중 4령1일째절식구에서 털떨이율(BPx7개) 1령기간(1Fx2개) 및 3령기간(3Fx1개) 합계10 형질이 나타났고, 두 번째로는 표준구중 감잠비율(MPx4개)의 형질들이였다. @2.3.1. 견층비율;SP을 크게 증가시킨 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 첫 번째로 표준구중 털떠링율(BPx5개), 1령기간(1Fx4개), 2령기간(2Fx4개), 3령기간(3Fx5개), 4령기간(4Fx5개), 전령기간(TFx4개), 감잠비율(MPx4개), 전견중(CWx5개) 및 견층중(SWx4개) 합계 40개 형질들이며 두 번째로는 처리구중의 5령1일째절식구중의 전견중(CWx2개) 및 견층중(SWx7개) 합계 9개 형질이었다. @2.3.2. 견층비율;SP을 크게 감소시킨 큰 간접 경로계수를 발현하는 데 가장 많이 상관된 형질은 첫 번째로 표준구중 털떨이율(BPx4개), 1령기간(1Fx5개), 2령기간(2Fx5개), 3령기간(3Fx4개), 4령기간(4Fx3개), 전령기간(TFx5개), 감잠비율(MPx5개), 전견중(CWx4개) 및 견층중(SWx5개) 합계40 형질이 나타났고, 두 번째로는 처리구중 4령기간(4Fx1개), 전견중(CWx7개) 및 견층중(SWx2개) 합계 10개 형질들이였고, 세 번째로는 처리구중 2령1일째절식구중 견층중(SWx1개) 1개이였다. The silkworms was reared by the standard artificial diet rearing method for the total feeding period. The control block(CB) was reared the standard artificial diet method. The treat block(TB) was starved for 24 hour at each lst day of 1st instar feeding period; 21F, one of 2nd instar feeding period; 32F, one of 3rd instar feeding period; 43F, one of 4th instar feeding period; 54F, one of 5th instar feeding period; 65, 2nd day of 5th instar feeding period; 65F, 3rd day of 5th instar feeding period; 54F to the standard artificial diet method. The measured traits were 1BP; the brisling percentage, 21F; 1st instar feeding period), 32F; 2nd instar feeding period), 43F; 3rd instar feeding period), 54F; 4th instar feeding period), 65F; 5th instar feeding period, 7TF; the duration of total feeding period, 8CW; the female whole cocoon weight, 9fLW; the female cocoon shell weight, 10fSP; the percentage of the female cocoon shell weight, 11mCW; the male whole cocoon weight, 12mSW; the male cocoon shell weight, 13mSP; the percentage of the male cocoon shell weight, total 13 each. The path coefficient was analyzed only the genotype factor except the phenotype factor on the traits. It analyzed to the manifestation on the direct effect of the path coefficient (DEPC). (s. =starving) 1.1. The whole cocoon weight(CW) was increased big by the DEPC of the bristling percentage(BP), lst instar feeding period(1F), 3rd instar feeding period(3F) and the cocoon shell weight(SW) on the 1st day 3rd instar s. of the TB, by the one of the bristling percentage(BP), the missing silkworm larvae percentage(MP) and the cocoon shell weight on the CB, by the one of 1st instar period(1F) of the 1st day 4th instar s. of the TB. 1.1.2. The whole cocoon weight(CW) was decreased big by the DEPC of the bristling percentage(BP), 3rd instar feeding period(3F) and the cocoon shell weight(SW) on 1st day 4th instar s. of the cocoon shell weight percentage(SP) on 1st day 2nd instar s. of the TB. 1.2.1. The cocoon shell weight(SW) was increased big by the DEPC of the bristling percentage(BP), 1st instar feeding period(1F) and 3rd instar feeding perioc(3F) on 1st day 4th instar s. of the TB, by the one of the missing silkworm larvae percentage(MP) on the CB. 1.2.2. The cocoon shell weight(SW) was not decreased big by the DEPC of the traits on the CB and the TB. 1.3.1. The cocoon shell weight percentage(SP) was increased big by the DEPC of instar feeding period(1F) on the CB, by the one of the cocoon shell weight(SW) on the CB, by the one of the cocoon shell weight(SW) on 2nd day 5th instar s. of the TB. 1.3.2. The cocoon shell weight percentage(SP) was decreased big by the DEPC of the bristling percentage(BP), 2nd instar feeding period(2F), 3rd instar feeding period(3F), 4th instar feeding pereiod(4F), the missing silkworm larvae percentage(MP) and the whole cocoon weight(CW) on the CB, by the one of 4th instar feeding period(4F) and the cocoon shell weight(SW) on 1st day 5th instar s. of the TB. 2. The trait manifestation on the indirect effect of the path coefficient (= IDEPC). 2.0. It is as follows traits these were increased big or decreased big the IDEPC of the whole cocoon weight(CW), the cocoon shell weight(SW) and the cocoon shell weight percentage(SP) on the CB and the TB (1st day 1st instar s., 1st day 2nd instar s., 1st day 3rd instar s. 1st day 4th instar s., 1st day 5th instar 2nd day 5th instar s. and 3rd day 5th instar s.). 2.1.1. The whole cocoon weight(CW) was increased big by the IDEPC to be big related to traits; the bristling percentage(BPx3 each), the missing silkworm larvae percentage(MPx5 each) and the cocoon shell eight(SWx4 each) total 12 each on the CB, by the IDEPC to be big related to the one of the bristling percentage(BPx6 each), 1st instar feeding period(1Fx5 each) 3rd instar feeding period(3Fx2 each) and the cocoon shell weight(SWx1 each) total 14 each on 1st day 4th instar s. of the TB. 2.1.2. The whole cocoon weight(CW) was decreased big by the IDEPC to be big related to traits; the bristling percentage(BPx4 each), the missing silkworm larvae percentage(MPx4 each) and the cocoon shell weight(SWx2 each) total 2 each on 1st day 2nd instar s. & 1st day 3rd instar s. of the TB. 2.2.1. The cocoon shell weight(CW) was increased big by the IDEPC to be big related to traits; the missing silkworm larvae percentage(MPx4 each)total 4 on the CB, by the IDEPC to be related to the one of the bristling percentage(BPx1 each) and 1st instar feeding period(1Fx1 each) total 2 each on 1st day 4th instar s. of the TB. 2.2.2. The cocoon shell weight(SW) was decreased big by the IDEPC to be big related to traits; the bristling(BPx7 each), 1st instar feeding period(1Fx2 each) and 3rd instar feeding period(3Fx1 each) total 10 each on the TB, by the IDEPC to be big related to the one; the missing silkworm larvae percentage(MPx4 each) total 4 each on the CB. 2.3.1. The cocoon shell weight percentage(SP) was increased big by the IDEPC to be big related to traits; the bristling percentage(BPx5 each), 1st instar feeding period(1Fx4 each), 2nd instar feeding period(2Fx4 each), 3rd instar feeding period(3DFx5 each), 4th instar feeding period(4Fx5 each), total instar feeding period(TFx4 each), the missing silkworm larvae percentage(MPx4 each), the whole cocoon weight(CWx5 each) and the cocoon shell weight(CWx2 each) and the cocoon shell weight(SWx7 each) total 9 each on 1st day 5th instar s. of the TB. 2.3.2. The cocoon shell weight percentage(SP) was decreased big by the IDEPC to be big related to traits; the bristling percentage(BPx4 each), 1st instar feeding period(1Fx5 each), 2nd instar feeding period(2Fx5 each), 3rd instar feeding period(3Fx4 each), 4th instar feeding period(4Fx3 each), total instar feeding period(TFx5 each) the missing silkworm larvae percentage(MPx5 each), the whole cocoon weight(CWx7 each) and the cocoon shell weight(SWx5 each) total 40 each on the CB, by the IDEPC to be big related to the one; the cocoon shell weight(SWx1 each) total 1 each on 1st day 2nd instar of the TB.

면역조직화학적 방법에 의한 항AMHP혈청에 대한 항원단백질의 성충조직별 분포양태

장창식,박상봉,이호웅,이상몽 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.2

누에의 AMHP의 항혈청을 사용하여 누에성충의 각조직 및 기관에 있어서 공통항원의 존재여부를 면역조직화학적으로 분석하였다. 성충의 인모, 중장, 정소, 난소, 피부의 진피세포, 지방체, 흡위, 체액등의 조직 및 기관에서 항 AMHP혈청에 대한 항원이 검출되었다. 이상의 결과에서 AMHP는 성충의 대부분의 조직의 대사에 관여하고 있음을 시사하고 있다. Localization of common antigen to AMHP in the tissues and organs of the silkworm adult was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. From immuno-histochemical analysis, positive immunoreactions were detected in scales, epidermis of integument, fat body, sucking stomach, ovary, testis and haemolynphy, but not in cuticle, dorsal vessel, and several ducts of adult. This results suggest that AMHP is commonly associated with metabolisms of several tissues and organs in Bombtx adult.

Bioinspired Exosome-Mimetic Nanovesicles for Targeted Delivery of Chemotherapeutics to Malignant Tumors

Jang, Su Chul,Kim, Oh Youn,Yoon, Chang Min,Choi, Dong-Sic,Roh, Tae-Young,Park, Jaesung,Nilsson, Jonas,Lö,tvall, Jan,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Gho, Yong Song American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.9

<P>Exosomes, the endogenous nanocarriers that can deliver biological information between cells, were recently introduced as new kind of drug delivery system. However, mammalian cells release relatively low quantities of exosomes, and purification of exosomes is difficult. Here, we developed bioinspired exosome-mimetic nanovesicles that deliver chemotherapeutics to the tumor tissue after systemic administration. The chemotherapeutics-loaded nanovesicles were produced by the breakdown of monocytes or macrophages using a serial extrusion through filters with diminishing pore sizes (10, 5, and 1 μm). These cell-derived nanovesicles have similar characteristics with the exosomes but have 100-fold higher production yield. Furthermore, the nanovesicles have natural targeting ability of cells by maintaining the topology of plasma membrane proteins. <I>In vitro</I>, chemotherapeutic drug-loaded nanovesicles induced TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cell death in a dose-dependent manner. <I>In vivo</I>, experiments in mice showed that the chemotherapeutic drug-loaded nanovesicles traffic to tumor tissue and reduce tumor growth without the adverse effects observed with equipotent free drug. Furthermore, compared with doxorubicin-loaded exosomes, doxorubicin-loaded nanovesicles showed similar <I>in vivo</I> antitumor activity. However, doxorubicin-loaded liposomes that did not carry targeting proteins were inefficient in reducing tumor growth. Importantly, removal of the plasma membrane proteins by trypsinization eliminated the therapeutic effects of the nanovesicles both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Taken together, these studies suggest that the bioengineered nanovesicles can serve as novel exosome-mimetics to effectively deliver chemotherapeutics to treat malignant tumors.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-9/nn402232g/production/images/medium/nn-2013-02232g_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn402232g'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

二面交雜에 依한 家蠶의 몇가지 實用形質의 遺傳變異와 組合能力 分析

長昌植,孫海龍 한국잠사학회 1985 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The genetic variances and combinding abiliy of the some useful characters were analyzd on sixty four combinations in the 8 X 8 diallel cross using the four Japanese races(Jam 1()7, Jam 113, Jam 117 and Jam 119) and the four Chinese races(Jam 108, Jam 114, Jam 118 and Jam 120). The eight quantitative characters were the total larval stage period(TP), the fifth larval instar period(FP), the female cocoon total weight(FW), the male cocoon total weight(MW), the female cocoon layer weight(FL), the male cocoon layer weight(ML), the female cocoon layer ratio(FR), and the male cocoon layer ratio(MR). The results were as follows: The analysis of the genetic variance and the combining ability in the TP and the FP. In TP and FP, h3N was less than h2B. The GCA, SCA and RCA were at a high significant level. JIl/D and (Hl/D)1/2 were large. The heterosis were small minus. E and D were large. The r was in the positive direction, because the recessive genes were mainly expressed as a short rearing periods. The regressions of the characters were passed below 0 point, brcause the characters in the TP and the FP were appeared overdominant. Tlle order of the dominance in the TP of the parents were in the orders of Jam 119>Jam 113>Jam 117>Jam 108>Jam 120>Jam 114>Jam 107>Jam 118, and that in the FP of the parents were followed in the orders of Jam 117>Jam 113>Jam 108>Jam 114>Jam 119>Jam 107>Jam 120>Jam 118. The analysis of the genetic variance and the combining ability of the FW and the MW. In the FW and the MW, h2N was less than h2B. The GCA and SCA were large but RCA was little. Hl/D and (IIl/D)1/2 in the parents were large. Heterosis was large. E was appeared large in the FW, and small in the MW. D was small. The r was of the minus direction, because the dominance genes were less expressed. The regression of the these characters were padded below 0 point, because the characters in FW and MW were appeared overdominant. The orders of the dominance in the FW of the parents were as the order of Jam 107>Jam 108>Jam 119>Jam 113>Jam 114>Jam 120>Jam 117>Jam 118, and in the MW of them in the order of Jam 114>Jam 120>Jam 108>Jam 113>Jam 107>Jam 119>Jam 117>Jam 118.