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Global Warming Detected by Tree Rings from Mongolia
Nachin, Baatarbileg,Jacoby, Gordon C. Korea Association For Quaternary Research 2003 제사기학회지 Vol.17 No.2
In the year 2000 we culminated a successful five year investigation of climate change by completing a preliminary east-west transect across Mongolia. An earlier tree-ring study at Tarvagatay Pass, Mongolia indicated unusual warming during the 20th century similar to other paleo-investigations of the northern hemisphere. This record had represented one of the few tree-ring records for central Asia. New data from several sites in western Mongolia confirmed the preliminary temperature. The highest twenty-year growth period for the composite record is from 1973-1994. The western Mongolian record was significantly correlated with the Taimyr Peninsula and two northern hemisphere temperature reconstructions reflecting large-scale temperature patterns while showing some important regional differences. These differences should prove useful for climate models. We have also developed a millennial length temperature-sensitive record at the Solongotyin Davaa site (formerly Tarvagatay Pass) using relict wood and living trees. Conspicuous features over the last 1000 years are a century scale temperature decline punctuated by the end of the Little Ice Age in the late-1800s and 20th century warming. The record also shows a cold period early in the 12th century and warm intervals late in the 10th, early in the 15th and at end of the 18th centuries. Despite a limited sample size before 900 AD, the long Solongotyin Davaa record is useful in indicating severe cold events and suggests some cold intervals nearly as severe. These tree ring series, spanning much of the circumpolar northern treeline, have been compiled to create a long-term reconstruction of the Earth's temperature over centuries. The new chronology, in addition to its value as a detailed record of Mongolian climate, provides independent corroboration for such hemispheric and global reconstructions and their indications of unusual warming during the 20th century.
Temperature Fluctuations Over the Past 2000 Years in Western Mongolia
Pederson, Neil,Jacoby, Gordon C.,D′Arrigo, Rosanne.,Frank, David,Buckley, Brendan,Nachin, Baatarbileg,Chultem, Dugarjav,Renchin, Mijiddorj Korea Association For Quaternary Research 2003 제사기학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Much of northern Asia is lacking in high-resolution palaeoclimatic data coverage. This vast region thus represents a sizeable gap in data sets used to reconstruct hemispheric-scale temperature trends for the past millennium. To improve coverage, we present a regional-scale composite of four tree-ring width records of Siberian pine and Siberian larch from temperature-sensitive alpine timber-line sites in Mongolia. The chronologies load closely in principal components analysis (PCA) with the first eigenvector accounting for over 53% of the variance from ad 1450 to 1998. The 20-year interval from 1974 to 1993 is the highest such growth period in this composite record, and 17 of the 20 highest growth years have occurred since 1946. Thus these trees, unlike those recently described at some northern sites, do not appear to have lost their temperature sensitivity, and suggest that recent decades have been some of the warmest in the past 500 years for this region. There are, however, comparable periods of inferred, local warmth for individual sites, e.g., in 1520-1580 and 1760-1790. The percent common variance between chronologies has increased through time and is highest (66.1%) in the present century. Although there are obvious differences among the individual chronologies, this result suggests a coherent signal which we consider to be related to temperature. The PCA scores show trends which strongly resemble those seen in recent temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere, very few of which included representation from Eurasia east of the Ural Mountains. The Mongolia series therefore provides independent corroboration for these reconstructions and their indications of unusual wanning during the twentieth century.
The Effect of Acupuncture Therapy on Pain Perception and Coping Strategies: A Preliminary Report
Dorit Gamus,Vered Meshulam-Atzmon,Shay Pintov,Rebecca Jacoby 사단법인약침학회 2008 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.1 No.1
The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of acupuncture on the perception of pain and coping strategies, thus focusing on the psychological aspects of pain. The study was conducted in two complementary and alternative medicine clinics of public hospitals. Forty-one patients scheduled for routine acupuncture therapy because of chronic musculoskeletal pain were recruited for the study to receive eight acupuncture treatments. Twenty-four patients completed the treatment schedule and filled two self-reported questionnaires before and after therapy: (1) Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised (IPQ-R); and (2) Coping Strategies questionnaire (Brief COPE). A significant improvement was found in the following measures related to pain perception: timeline (chronic versus acute), treatment control, and personal control. Additionally, significant improvement was displayed in three measures related to coping strategies: positive reframing, religion, and venting. The results indicate that acupuncture therapy might be efficient in changing patient’s pain perception from chronic to acute and in enhancing their sense of personal and treatment control over their pain. In addition, acupuncture therapy partially improved coping strategies. The present study provides further validation for acupuncture therapy in pain and highlights its possible role in affecting the psychological aspects of pain. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of acupuncture on the perception of pain and coping strategies, thus focusing on the psychological aspects of pain. The study was conducted in two complementary and alternative medicine clinics of public hospitals. Forty-one patients scheduled for routine acupuncture therapy because of chronic musculoskeletal pain were recruited for the study to receive eight acupuncture treatments. Twenty-four patients completed the treatment schedule and filled two self-reported questionnaires before and after therapy: (1) Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised (IPQ-R); and (2) Coping Strategies questionnaire (Brief COPE). A significant improvement was found in the following measures related to pain perception: timeline (chronic versus acute), treatment control, and personal control. Additionally, significant improvement was displayed in three measures related to coping strategies: positive reframing, religion, and venting. The results indicate that acupuncture therapy might be efficient in changing patient’s pain perception from chronic to acute and in enhancing their sense of personal and treatment control over their pain. In addition, acupuncture therapy partially improved coping strategies. The present study provides further validation for acupuncture therapy in pain and highlights its possible role in affecting the psychological aspects of pain.
Baek, Ji-Min,Son, Seung-Woo,Park, Jung Ho,Park, Jong-Keun,Kwak, Jeong-Geun,Yoon, Jacoby,Bang, Dong-Soo,Lee, Jung-Hee,Kim, Taewoo,Kim, Dae-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Solid-state electronics Vol.147 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have fabricated and characterized L<SUB>g</SUB> = 0.5 μm In<SUB>0.52</SUB>Al<SUB>0.48</SUB>As/In<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.3</SUB>As pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility-transistors (PHEMTs) on a 3-inch InP substrate. Stepper-based photo-lithography was used in all the process steps for device fabrication, aiming to miniaturize key device geometries, such as gate-to-source and gate-to-drain spacing. The fabricated device with L<SUB>g</SUB> = 0.5 μm exhibits an excellent maximum transconductance (g<SUB>m_max</SUB>) of 1.9 S/mm at V<SUB>DS</SUB> = 1.5 V and an ON-resistance (R<SUB>ON</SUB>) of below 0.4 Ω-mm. A high value of g<SUB>m</SUB> in our device leads to a fantastic combination of current-gain cut-off frequency (f<SUB>T</SUB>) of 120 GHz and maximum oscillation frequency (f<SUB>max</SUB>) of 366 GHz at V<SUB>DS</SUB> = 0.8 V. These remarkable characteristics stem from the compact geometry design of the In<SUB>0.52</SUB>Al<SUB>0.48</SUB>As/In<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.3</SUB>As PHEMTs with L<SUB>GS</SUB> = L<SUB>GD</SUB> = 0.4 μm, coupled with an optimized gate recess process that yields tight control of side-recess spacing (L<SUB>side</SUB>). More importantly, the product of f<SUB>T</SUB> and L<SUB>g</SUB> in this work yields 60 GHz-μm which is the highest in any field-effect-transistor (FET) technology on any material system.</P>
Loss-of-function mutations in sodium channel Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 cause anosmia
Weiss, Jan,Pyrski, Martina,Jacobi, Eric,Bufe, Bernd,Willnecker, Vivienne,Schick, Bernhard,Zizzari, Philippe,Gossage, Samuel J.,Greer, Charles A.,Leinders-Zufall, Trese,Woods, C. Geoffrey,Wood, John N. Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature Vol.472 No.7342
Loss of function of the gene SCN9A, encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel Na<SUB>v</SUB>1.7, causes a congenital inability to experience pain in humans. Here we show that Na<SUB>v</SUB>1.7 is not only necessary for pain sensation but is also an essential requirement for odour perception in both mice and humans. We examined human patients with loss-of-function mutations in SCN9A and show that they are unable to sense odours. To establish the essential role of Na<SUB>v</SUB>1.7 in odour perception, we generated conditional null mice in which Na<SUB>v</SUB>1.7 was removed from all olfactory sensory neurons. In the absence of Na<SUB>v</SUB>1.7, these neurons still produce odour-evoked action potentials but fail to initiate synaptic signalling from their axon terminals at the first synapse in the olfactory system. The mutant mice no longer display vital, odour-guided behaviours such as innate odour recognition and avoidance, short-term odour learning, and maternal pup retrieval. Our study creates a mouse model of congenital general anosmia and provides new strategies to explore the genetic basis of the human sense of smell.