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- 저자 : J. G. Schaart (검색결과 2 건)
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New traits in crops produced by genome editing techniques based on deletions
C. C. M. van de Wiel,J. G. Schaart,L. A. P. Lotz,M. J. M. Smulders 한국식물생명공학회 2017 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.11 No.1
One of the most promising New Plant Breeding Techniques is genome editing (also called gene editing) with the help of a programmable site-directed nuclease (SDN). In this review, we focus on SDN-1, which is the generation of small deletions or insertions (indels) at a precisely defined location in the genome with zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), TALENs, or CRISPR-Cas9. The programmable nuclease is used to induce a double-strand break in the DNA, while the repair is left to the plant cell itself, and mistakes are introduced, while the cell is repairing the double-strand break using the relatively errorprone NHEJ pathway. From a biological point of view, it could be considered as a form of targeted mutagenesis. We first discuss improvements and new technical variants for SDN-1, in particular employing CRISPR-Cas, and subsequently explore the effectiveness of targeted deletions that eliminate the function of a gene, as an approach to generate novel traits useful for improving agricultural sustainability, including disease resistances. We compare them with examples of deletions that resulted in novel functionality as known from crop domestication and classical mutation breeding (both using radiation and chemical mutagens). Finally, we touch upon regulatory and access and benefit sharing issues regarding the plants produced.
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The biological feasibility and social context of gene-edited, caffeine-free coffee
Nils V. Leibrock,Joris Santegoets,Paul J. W. Mooijman,Filemon Yusuf,Xander C. L. Zuijdgeest,Esme´e A. Zutt,Josette G. M. Jacobs,Jan G. Schaart 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.6
Coffee, especially the species Coffea arabica andCoffea canephora, is one of the world’s most consumed beverages. The consumer demand for caffeine-free coffee is currentlybeing met through chemical decaffeination processes. However, this method leads to loss of beverage quality. In thisreview, the feasibility of using gene editing to produce caffeinefreecoffee plants is reviewed. The genes XMT (7-methylxanthosinemethyltransferase) and DXMT (3,7-dimethylxanthinemethyltransferase) were identified as candidate target genes forknocking out caffeine production in coffee plants. The possibleeffect of the knock-out of the candidate genes was assessed. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated introduction of theCRISPR-Cas system to Knock out XMT or DXMT would leadto blocking caffeine biosynthesis. The use of CRISPR-Cas togenetically edit consumer products is not yet widely accepted,which may lead to societal hurdles for introducing gene-editedcaffeine-free coffee cultivars onto the market. However,increased acceptance of CRISPR-Cas/gene editing on productswith a clear benefit for consumers offers better prospects forgene editing efforts for caffeine-free coffee.
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