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Untying the Bonds of Hatred: Manuscripts of a Dhāraṇī from Dunhuang
Imre GALAMBOS 동국대학교 불교학술원 2020 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.30 No.2
The Dunhuang manuscripts include over twenty copies of a text called Foshuo jie baisheng yuanjia tuoluoni jing 佛說解百生怨家陁羅尼經 (Dhāraṇī Scripture Spoken by the Buddha on Dissolving [Ties with] Grudge-Holders of a Hundred Lifetimes). The text is also known from other sites along the historical Silk Road, attesting to its popularity across a vast geographical area. This paper focuses on extant manuscripts of this scripture from the Dunhuang library cave and groups them according to physical typology. The basic premise is that the manuscripts’ physical characteristics are of significance because they show how the dhāraṇī was reproduced as material text. Some of them were produced collectively, in ways that included the active participation of donors from the same extended family, possibly in connection with the commemoration of the dead. Other types of manuscripts suggest having been copied as part of larger projects. Finally, some of the manuscripts may have functioned as devotional objects in themselves
Medieval Ways of Character Formation in Chinese Manuscript Culture
Imre Galambos 훈민정음학회 2014 Scripta Vol.6 No.1
Traditional Chinese scholarship understood the principles of character formation according to the six scripts (liu shu 六書) model initially set forth in Eastern Han sources towards the end of the first century CE . Although initially these categories were not intended as etymological principles, in later times they were also used to explain the origin and early development of the script. Even some modern models of the origin of Chinese writing, which generally stem from the critique of traditional views, rely on the concept of liu shu as they try to determine the actual number of principles at play during the formative stages of the script. All of these models, however, seem to carry the assumption that writing had been created in the distant past and then creation essentially stopped. This paper is an attempt to demonstrate that character creation, that is, the development of orthographic structure, was an ongoing process that involved a number of principles beyond the traditional liu shu categories. Along the same line of thought, I am trying to draw attention to the value of interpreting character forms in terms of their medieval structure, rather than disregarding what we see in an effort to find out what an archaic structure might have been at the time the character first came into being.