옥수수개체군의 일차생산성과 물질경제. - 3. 건물생산과 (乾物生産) 인경제

Huque M . Anwarul,송승달 (Seung Dal Song) 한국식물학회 1981 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.24 No.1

Phosphorus dynamics in terms of specific absorption rate, inflow and outflow rates, turnover rate, demand and supply, and utility index of a high yield Zea mays L. cv. Bokgyo field were evaluated using an analysis of successive production structures. The analysis was adopted for measuring quantitative changes in the population by stratified clip technique on every two weeks during the growing season. The seasonal trends of specific absorption rate (2.4㎎ P/g/day in maximum) and specific absorption efficiency (0.03) closely correlated with that of relative growth rate of the population. The overall inflow and outflow of phosphorus was 3.41g P/㎡/yr showing the maximum inflow of 2.99g p/㎡/month in July. While the maximum phosphorus standing crop was 1.4g P/㎡ showing the maximum turnover rate of 178% in late June. The accumulation of phosphorus along plant height declined monotonically in stems and roots but increased in foliage after heading. The proportions of the total annual demand of phosphorus were 24.4% for leaves, 22.5% for stems, 49.6% for fruits and 3.5% for roots. These demands were met with internal (18.2%) and external (81.8%) supples. The seasonal highest phosphorus utility index was 1,091 in early June, while the average value was 655.

Nitrogen Dynamics of a Clover, Trifolium repens L. Community in a Semi-natural Grassland

Huque, M.Anwarul,Song, Seung-Dal 경북대학교 1981 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.-

클로버群落의 一次生産過程에 있어서 窒素의 動態 卽 吸收率, 轉流率 需要 및 供給, 利用指數 등과 群落生産構造의 連續的 變化를 分析하여 定量化하였다. 群落生育期間中 窒素含有率은 根粒에서 가장 높았고 莖部에서는 age에 따라 감소하였다. 높이에 따른 窒素含有率은 葉部에서 增加하였으나 莖部에서는 減少하였다. 群落의 窒素吸收率(最大値, 6.9mgN/g.DM/day)과 吸收效率(最大値, 9.1%)의 季節的 變化는 RGR 및 LRGR과 같은 傾向을 보였다. 群落의 總窒素同化量은 36.6gN/m^2로서 月別最大値는 5月에 24.1gN/m^2였다. 最大窒素現在量은 6月中에 38.5gN/m^2였고, 最大窒素의 turnover 率은 5月中에 50.5%였다. 群落의 各器官別 窒素分配量은 葉部에 22.9%, 莖部에 15.8%, 種實에 40.5%, 地下莖에 13.3%, 根部에 6.1% 및 根粒에 1.4%였다. 總窒素需要量에 대해 群落內部의 轉流量은 10,4%였고, 窒素固定 및 吸收量은 89.6%였다. 클로버群落의 窒素利用指數는 4月中에 最大値 48.3이였다. Nitrogen dynamics in terms of specific absorption rate, inflow and outflow rates, demand and supply, and utility index of clover, Trifolium repens L. community, were evalueated using an analysis of successive productive structures. The analysis was adopted for measuring quantitative changes in the population applying stratified clip technique on every two weeks through the spring-summer regrowth. Through the study nitrogen(%) maintained the highest level (4.7-6.3%) of all the parts in nodules, constant level in roots, while monotonously declined in stems with age. Whereas, along plant height it conspicuously increased in leaves, but decreased in stems with age. The seasonal trends of specific absorption rates(6.9 mgN/g.r. DM/day in maximum) and specific absorption efficiency (9.1% in maximum) apparently correlated with RGR and LRGR of this community. The overall inflow of nitrogen was 36.6gN/m^2/season, attaining the maximum inflow of 24.1gN/m^2/month in early May. While the maximum standing crop was 38.5gN/m^2 in early June, and the maximum turnover rate was 50.5% in early May. The proportions of the total seasonal demand were 22.9% to foliage, 40.5% to reproductive organs, 15.8% to stems, 13.3% to stolons, 6.1% to roots, and 1.4% to nodules. These demands were met with internal (10.4%) and external (89.6%) supplies. The seasonal highest NUI was 48.3 in mid-April.

Primary Productivity and Matter Economy of a Zea mays L. "Bok gyo" Population : Ⅰ. Growth Analysis and Primary Productivity (With 1 Table and 9 Figures) Ⅰ. 生長解析 및 一次生産性 分析

Huque, M. Anwarul,Song, Seung-Dal 慶北大學校 새마을硏究所 1980 農村과 科學 Vol.3 No.-

自然狀態의 圃場條件에 있어서 옥수수個體群의 生育過程에 따른 生長解析과 生産構造의 變遷을 活用하여 乾物量, 窒素 및 燐의 動態를 究明하며 太陽에너지 利用效率 및 物質經濟의 效率을 向上시킬수 있는 基礎資料를 얻었다. 生育期間中 個體群의 最大 草長, 葉面積指數 및 現存量은 各各 180cm, 4.8 및 1,754g DM/㎡였으며, 最大의 相對生長率, 純同化率 및 群落生長速度는 各各 0.157%/day, 0,122g DM/d㎡/day, 및 51.23g DM/㎡/day였다. 生育期間中 總乾物 生産量은 2,233gDM/㎡/年 으로서 葉 15.5%, 莖 33.9% 및 種實에 37%의 分配律을 보였다. 그리고 葉面積指數, 純同化率 및 群落生長速度는 平均溫度 및 相對濕度와 正의 相關을 보였으며, 日射量 및 降雨量에 대해서는 負의 相關을 보였다. 한편 相對生長率과 葉面積比는 이와 반대의 相關을 보였다. 乾物量의 平均現存量에 대한 最大 流入量은 163.2%/月이었으며, 太陽에너지의 最大利用效率은 8.33%이였고, 平均利用效率은 2.97%로서 他 植物에 比해서 큰 값이었다. The maxima of dry matter standing crop, plant height, and LAI were 1754gDM/㎡, 180cm, and 4.8, respectively. The dependence of DM accumulation on the sum of air temperature was evidently well approximated at an exponential relation. The LAI uninterruptedly increased to the maximum of 4.8 in July. While NAR increased gradually to the maximum of 0.122gDM/d㎡/day in early July. CGR was directly proportional to LAI, the maximum of 51.23g/m^2/day appearing before LAI reached its maximum. RGR steadily attained and maintained a maximum of 0.157% in June, then rapidly declined before CGR and NAR reached their maxima. LAI, NAR and CGR appeared to be correlated positively with the in mean air temperature and relative humidity, and negatively with daily solar radiation and precipitation, while LAR and RGR showed reverse relationship. But again these were independent of the maxima of climatic factors after they achieved their respective maxima. Net DM production was 2233gDM/㎡/year^*, whose annual^* distribution ratios were, 15.5% to leaves, 33.9% to stems, 13.5% to roots, and 37.0% to reproductive organs. The maximum ^rin of 163.2%/month appeared in June, while the ^rout had a delayed appearance in late June. And the trend of ^rin appeared to be correlated with that of RGR. The overall Eu was 2.97% and the highest Eu of 8.33%, might partly be attributed to the geometeorological characteristics of the experimental field.

Primary Productivity and Matter Economy of a Red Bean, Phaseolus angularis W. Plant Population : Ⅲ. Nitrogen Dynamics in Relation to Dry Matter Production Ⅲ. 乾物生産과 窒素動態

Huque, M. Anwarul,Song, Seung-Dal 경북대학교 1981 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.-

팥個體群의 生育過程에 따른 窒素動態 卽 吸收率, inflow 및 outflow率, 需要와 供給量, 利用指數 등을 每 2週 간격의 層別刈取法에 의해 群落生産構造의 連續的 變化를 分析하여 測定하였다. 個體群의 窒素의 吸收率(最大値, 0.93N/g·DM/day)과 吸收效率(最大値, 0.93%)의 季節的 變化樣式은 RGR, NAR 및 LAR과 유사한 傾向을 보였다. 個體群의 年間總窒素의 流入量 또는 流出量은 29.9gN/m^2로서 月別最大値는 6月中旬에 13.5gN/m^2/月였다. 한편 最大窒素現存量은 8月末에 25.7gN/m^2로서 最大 turnover率은 6月에 130%였다. 個體群의 莖部, 根部 및 根粒의 窒素축적량은 age에 따라 감소하였다. 年間 窒素需要量에 대한 個體群의 各器官別 分配律은 葉部에 46.8%, 莖部 20.4%, 根部에 4.6%, 根粒에 0.4% 및 種實에 28.4%였고 總窒素供給量中 個體群內部의 轉流量과 外部로부터의 吸收量의 比는 各各 10%와 90%였다. 팥個體群의 最大窒素利用指數는 9月中旬에 82.8이였다. Nitrogen dynamics in terms of specific absorption rate, inflow and outflow rates, demand and supply, and utility index of a red bean, Phaseolus angularis W.F. Wight, population, were evaluated using an analysis of successive production structures. The analysis was adopted for measuring quantitative changes in the population applying stratified clip technique on every two weeks through the growing season. The seasonal trends of specific absorption rate (0.93gN/g.r.DM/day in maximum) and specific absorption efficiency(0.93 in maximum) appeared to be closely related with RGR, NAR, and LAR of this population. The overall inflow and outflow of nitrogen was 29.9gN/m^2/year showing the maximum inflow of 13.5gN/m^2/month in mid-July. While the maximum nitrogen standing crop was 25.7gN/m^2 in late August, attaining a maximum turnover rate of 130% in early June. The accumulation of nitrogen in nodules, roots, and stems declined with advancing age. The proportions of the total annual demand of nitrogen were 46.8% to leaves, 20.4% to stems, 4.6% to roots, 0.4% to nodules, and 28.4% to fruits. These demands were met with internal (10%) and external (90%) supplies. The seasonal highest nitrogen utility index was 82.8 in mid-September.

Dynamics of Physico-Chemical Environment and Production Processes of the Phytoplankton Community in the Jido Pond Ecosystem. : Ⅰ. Physico-Chemical Dynamics of water and Bottom Mud Ⅰ. 水系와 底泥土의 物理化學政動態

Song, Seung-Dal,Huque, M. Anwarul 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

人工池인 地圖池生態系에 대하여 1979年 4月부터 1980年 3月까지 月別의 水溫 pH, Cl^-, Mg^++, alkalinity, detergent, SiO_2-Si, PO_4-P, NO_3-N, NO_2-N, NH_4-N, BOD, COD, DO, OM 및 OC 등의 物理化學的 水質環境의 動態를 分析하였다. 地圖池의 水溫과 pH의 季節的變化의 範圍는 3∼28℃와 7.0∼9.4였고, Cl^-, Mg^++, alkalinity 및 detergent 의 범위는 각각 24.0∼52.5, 8.3∼43.5, 35.0∼82.0 및 1.3∼10.0ppm였으며, SiO_2-Si, PO_4-P, NH_4-N, NO_2-N 및 NO_3-N의 범위는 각각 5.00∼31.00, 0.50∼0.66, 0.14∼3.50, 0.03∼0.21 및 0.03∼1.25ppm이였다. 그리고 BOD, COD 및 DO의 범위는 각각 3.7∼17.8, 3.7∼46.8 및 8.0∼25.5 ppm O_2였다. 底泥土(mud)의 OM와 OC 含量은 각각 5.9∼27.3%와 2.4∼7.2%의 범위에서 變化하였고, Mg^++, PO_4-P, NH_4-N, NO_2-N 및 NO_3-N의 범위는 각각 7.5∼39.0, 0.5∼1.6, 0.3∼19.0, 0.03∼1.04 및 0.006∼0.563 ppm 였으며 總室素含量은 0.15∼0.31%의 범위에서 季節的인 變化를 보였다.

Dynamics of Physico-Chemical Environment and Production Processes of the Phytoplankton Community in the Jido Pond Ecosystem : Ⅲ. Primary Productivity and Nutrient Cycling of the Phytoplankton Community Ⅲ. 植物性플랭크톤群集의 生産性과 物質循環

Song, Seung-Dal,Huque, M.Anwarul 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

人工池인 地圖池生態系에 대하여 1979年 4月부터 1980年 3月까지 一次生産者인 植物性플랭크톤 群集은 chlorophyll 現在量에 있어서 0.043~0.385g/㎥의 範圍에서 變化를 보였고, algal counts와는 높은 相關關係(r=0.850^*)를 나타내었다. 또한 光合成率 및 呼吸率의 變化는 각각 0.36~4.50와 0.10~1.40 O_2 mg/l/hr 의 範圍였고, 同化量은 0.6~3.8C mg/mg Chl/hr로서 pH(r=0.594^*) 및 Cl^-(r=0.655^*)와 높은 相關을 보였다. 月別의 一次生産性은 23.9~305.1 C g/㎡의 範圍였으면 月別太陽에너지 이용효율은 0.31~7.80%, 年平均 2.44%에 達하였다. 群集의 純生産性은 chlorophyll 量(r=0.813^**), NH_4-N(r= -0.650^*), pH(r=0.720^*) 및 algal counts(r=0.783)와 높은 相關을 보였다. 多重回歸分析結果는 algal counts, temp, pH 및 PO_4-P간(F=8.688, P>0.01); chlorophyll, algal counts, 광합성유효일사량 및 PO_4-P간 (F=14.343, P>0.01), 그리고 純生産量, 水溫, PO_4-P 및 chlorophyll 간(F=4.533, P>0.05)에 높은 有意性의 相關關係를 보였다.

Primary Productivity and Matter Economy of a Red Bean Plant Population Ⅱ. Phosphorus Dyamics in Relation to Dry Matter Prduction

Song, Seung-Dal,Huque, M. Anwarul 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

1年生 콩과 植物인 팥個體群의 實驗群落(12개체/㎡)을 形成하여 生育期間中 2週間隙으로 層別刈取法에 의해 生産構造의 發達科程을 추적하여, 燐의 動態 卽 群落의 回收率, 同化率, 回轉率, 需要供給量 및 燐利用效率을 分析하였다. 個體群의 燐最大現在量은 8月에 2.01gP/㎡엿고, 月最大回轉率은 6月에 176%였다. 燐의 吸收率(最大値, 4.93mgP/gdw·day) 및 吸收效率(最大値, 0.057)은 群落의 相對生長率, 葉生長率 및 純同化率의 變化와 一致하였다. 生育期間中 燐의 總同化率과 月最大同化率은 각각 2.81gP/㎡/yr와 1.19gP/㎡(6月)이었다. 群落發達에 따라 莖(最大値 0.25%), 種實(最大値 0.40%), 根(最大値 0.45%) 및 根粒(最大値 2.11%)에 대한 燐의 總需要量은 葉 35.3%, 莖 23.6%, 種實 37.8%, 根 3.1% 및 根粒 0.2%였고, 이는 土壤으로부터의 吸收率 76.7%와 個體內 轉流率 23.3%로 供給되었다. 燐利用指數의 最大値는 5月末에 1084를 보였다. Phosphorus dynamics in terms of specific absorption rate, inflow and outflow rates, demand and supply, and utility index of a red bean, Phaseolus angularis W. F. Wight population, were evaluated using an analysis of successive production structures. The analysis was adopted for measuring quantitative changes in the population applying stratified clip technique fortnightly through the growing season. The seasonal trends of specific absorption rate(4.93 mgP/g r DM/day in maximum)and specific absorption efficiency(0.057 in maximum) very closely corresponded with those of RGR, LAR, and NAR of this population; and also that of phosphorus level in the soil. The overall inflow and outflow of phosphorus was 2.81 gP/㎡/year, attaining a maximum inflow of 1.19 gP/㎡/month in late July. While the maximum phosphorus standing crop was 2.01 gP/㎡ in mid-August showing a maximum turnover rate of 176 in early June. The accumulation of phosphorus with age declined monotonically in nodules, roots, stems, and fruits; but increased in foliage. The % phosphorus ranges in nodules, roots, stems, fruits, and foliage were 2.11-0.13, 0.45-0.03, 0.25-0.03, 1.01-0.40, and 0.33-0.09, respectively. The proportions of the total annual demand were 35.3% to leaves, 23.6% to stems, 3.1% to roots, 0.2% to nodules, and 37.8% to fruits. These demands were met with internal(23.3%) and external(76.7%) supplies. The seasonal highest PUI was 1084 in late May.

Primary Productivity and Matter Economy of a Maize Plant Population : Ⅱ. Nitrogen Economy in Relation to Dry Matter Production Ⅱ. 乾物生産과 窒素經濟

Song, Seung-Dal,M.Anwarul Huque 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

옥수수個體群의 生長期間中 生産構造의 發達과 乾物生産過程에 따른 窒素量의 動態, 卽 土壤으로부터의 吸收率, 純同化率, 回轉率, 年間需要供給의 收支 및 利用效率의 季節的 變化 등을 分析하였다. 窒素의 吸收率(最大 35.7㎎N/g/day) 및 吸收效率(根現存量當의 純同化率)(0.3)은 個體群의 相對生長速度와 密接한 相關을 보였고, 生育期間中 總窒素同化率은 34.9gN/㎡/year로서 最大 同化速度는 7月에 30.5gN/㎡/month였다. 한편 個體群의 窒素現存量의 變化는 最大値 14.3gN/㎡였고 回轉率의 最大는 169%를 나타내었다. 窒素量의 個體群各器官別需要量은 葉 28.9% 莖 22.9%, 根 9.3% 및 種實에 38.9%였으며, 總窒素要求量의 80.7%는 土壤으로부터 吸收하였고, 나머지 19.3%는 個體群內의 轉流에 의해 供給되었다. 옥수수個體群의 窒素利用指數는 平均 64로서 다른 作物에 比해 큰 값이었다. Nitrogen dynamics of plant population in terms of specific absorption rate, inflow and outflow rates, turnover rate, demand and supply, and utility index of a high-yield maize, Zea mays L. cv. Bokgyo, field were evaluated using an analysis of a successive production structure. The analysis was adopted for measuring quantitative changes in the population by stratified clip technique on every two weeks during growing season. The seasonal trends of specific absorption rate (35.7㎎N/g/day in maximum) and specific absorption efficiency (0.3) closely correlated with that of relative growth rate of the population. The overall inflow and outflow of nitrogen was 34.9gN/㎡/year showing the maximum inflow of 30.5gN/㎡/month in July. While the maximum nitrogen standing crop was 14.3gN/㎡ showing the maximum turnover rate of 169% in early June. The proportions of the total annual demand of nitrogen were 28.9% to leaves, 22.9% to stems, 38.9% to fruits and 9.3% to roots. These demands were met with internal (19.3%) and external (80.7%) supplies, The overall nitrogen utility index of 64 is comparatively larger and so this species appeared to be more efficient in nitrogen utility than other crop species.

Primary Productivity and Matter Economy of a Phaseolus angularis Population Ⅰ. Growth Analysis and Primary Productivity

Song, Seung-Dal,M. Anwarul Huque 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

팥種子로부터 實驗群落(900個體/㎡, 圃場栽培)의 生育過程에 따른 生産構造의 變化 및 生長解析的特徵을 究明하였다. 生育期間中 群落現存量, 草高 및 葉面積指數의 最大値는 각각 805g/㎡, 40㎝ 및 7.3으로서 相對生長率(RGR), 純同化率(NAR) 및 群落生産率(CGR)의 最大値는 각각 11%/day, 50㎎/dm^2/day및 14.1g/㎡/day에 달했으며 生育期間의 平均溫度와 純放財量에 대해 CGR와 RGR은 각각 正의 상관관계(r=0.759 및 r=0.70)를 보였다. 個體群의 年間純生産量은 891g/㎡였고 器官別分配率은 葉, 莖, 根, 根粒 및 種實에 대해 각각 33.7, 39.3, 9.2, 0.25 및 17.5%에 해당되었다. 最大純同化의 轉化率은 現存量의 130%이고 太陽에너지利用效率은 最大値와 平均値가 각각 2.16, 및 0.75% 였다. An artificial population of Phaseolus angularis, W. F. Wight, raised from seeds, attained the maxima of DM standing crop, plant height, and LAI of 805.0gDM/㎡, 40.0㎝, and 7.3, respectively. The dependence of DM accumulation on the sum of air temperature was evidently well approximated at an exponential relation. DM accumulation had a positive correlation with daily mean air temperature (r=0.588), and a negative correlation with solar radiation (r=0.704). The LAI uninterruptedly increased to the maximum of 7.3in late August. NAR reached the maximum of 0.05gDM/dm^2/day in June, which was followed by steady decline. CGR was directly proportional to LAI, the maximum of 14.1g/㎡/day appeared long before the LAI reached its maximum. RGR very shortly attained the maximum of 0.11g/g/day in early June, and then, like NAR, steadily declined before CGR reachetflts maximum. CGR showed positive correlation (r=0.759) with daily mean air temperature, and RGR had positive correlation (r=0.700) with solar radiation, while others did not reveal any clear correlation. Net DM production was 891.0 gDM/㎡/year, whose annual distribution ratios were 33.7% to leaves, 39.3% to stems, 9.2% to roots, 0.25% to nodules, and 17.5% to reproductive organs. The maximum r_in of 130% per month was attained in June, while r_out had a much delayed appearance in August. The trend of r_in corresponded with that of RGR and NAR. The overall Eu was 0.75% and the highest Eu was 2.16% which might be attributed partly to both the characteristics of the bean species and to the local geometeorological characteristics.

Growth Analysis and Dry Matter Productivity of a Clover, Trifolium repens L. Community in a Semi-natural Grassland

Song, Seung-Dal,Huque, M.Anwarul 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

多年生 콩과식물인 클로바半自然草地群落에 대해 生育期間中 2週間隙으로 層別刈取法과 生長解析法에 의해 一次生産性의 變化와 相對生長率, 純同化率, 群落生長率, 葉生長率 및 環境要因과의 關係를 分析하였다. 乾物生産(最大値 1350g/㎡)은 平均氣溫 및 日射量과 높은 相關關係 각각 r=0.708 및 r=0.708 r=0.742)를 보였다. 相對生長率, 純同化率, 群落生長率과 葉生長率은 (각각 4月中旬에 最大値 0.038g/g/day, 0.128g/d㎡/day, 21.4/㎡/day 및 0.073㎠/㎠/day를 보였다. 平均氣溫과 日射量에 대해 葉重比는 각각 r=0.802와 r=0.806 로서 높은 相關關係를 보였으나 相對生長率과 純同化率은 각각 r=-0.993, r=-0.950와 r=-0.567 r=-0.800로서 負의 相關關係를 보였다. 期間中群落의 純生産量(1307gDM/㎡)의 名器官別 分配律은 葉 17.6%, 莖 24.1%, 種實 26.4%, 地下莖 22.1%, 根 9.1%, 및 根粒 0.7%였다. 月別最大回轉率은 54.6%(4月)였고, 太陽에너지 利用效率의 最大値는 2.45%였다. A natural colver, Trifolium repens L. community in a semi-natural grassland in the north-west corner of the Kyungpook National University campus, was investigated on the dry matter productivity and growth analysis. The maxima of dry matter standing crop, community height, and LAI were 1350 gDM/㎡, 20 cm, and 6.9, respectively. DM accumulation had high positive correlations both with mean air temperature(r=0.708) and solar radiation(r=0.742). RGR and NAR, respectively attaining the maxima of 0.038g/g/day and 0.128 gDM/d㎡/day in mid-April, monotonically depleted down to take negative values at the end of study period. CGR and LRGR, also respectively attaining the maxima of 21.43 gDM/㎡/day and 0.073㎠/㎠/day in mid-Aprill, rapidly declined to the negative values. LAR trend was proportional to the LAI. LAI had high positive correlations with mean air temperature(r=0.802) and solar radiation(r=0.806); while RGR and NAR showed high negative correlations with both the mean air temperature, r=-0.993 and r=-0.950; and solar radiation, r=-0.567 and r=-0.800, respectively. LAR had highest positive corre lation with mean air temperature (r=0.923). Net DM production was 1307g/㎡/growth period, whose seasonal distribution ratios were 17.58% to leaves, 26.47% to reproductive organs, 24.12% to stems, 22.06% to stolons, 9.08% to roots and 0.7% to nodules. The maximum rin of 54.6% per month was in mid-April, but rout first appeared in early May. The highest Eu was 2.45%, which might be attributed to local characteristics. Key words; Trifolium repens-Dry matter productivity-Growth analysis.