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“Red China” and the “Yellow Peril”: How Ideology Divides Americans over China
Peter Hays Gries 동아시아연구원 2014 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.14 No.3
Based on a 2011 national survey, I argue that while US conservatives feel somewhat cooler toward the East Asian democracies than US liberals do, they feel much cooler toward China. Greater average conservative than liberal prejudice lingers, cooling attitudes toward the “Yellow Peril” of all Asian countries, but communism is a larger source of ideological differences over China. For cultural, social, economic, and political reasons, conservatives feel substantially cooler than liberals toward both communist countries in general and “Red China” in particular. I conclude by suggesting that with gerrymandering and ongoing ideological sorting, these ideological differences over China on Main Street may come to play a greater role in the making of US China policy.
Peter Hays Gries,Masui Yasuki 동아시아연구원 2022 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.22 No.1
Do history wars shape international affairs? If so, how and for whom? Taking the historical dispute between China and South Korea over the ancient Gaogouli/Goguryeo Kingdom as a case study, this article explores the individual-level psychological micro-foundations of history wars. A 2020 survey experiment in South Korea pit “ours” vs “theirs” Goguryeo imitation Wikipedia entries to explore their downstream consequences. It revealed direct, indirect, and conditional effects. Exposure to China's claim to the Kingdom undermined Korean pride, increasing dislike of China, and lessening desires to cooperate with it. Pre-existing levels of nationalism divided South Koreans in how angry they became after exposure the Wikipedia primes. That anger, however, only shaped the China policy preferences of those South Koreans who viewed the balance of military power with China favorably. Implications for ownership disputes over kimchi and other national possessions are also discussed, as are the implications of history wars for war and peace in twenty-first-century East Asia.
Robbins Rebecca,Hays Ron D.,Calderón José Luís,Seixas Azizi,Garcia Valerie Newsome,Chung Alicia,Jean-Louis Girardin 대한수면학회 2021 sleep medicine research Vol.12 No.1
Background and Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder that disparately affects racial/ethnic minorities. OSA functional health literacy can contribute to health disparities. Documenting poor OSA functional health literacy is needed to inform research agendas, policy, and advocacy efforts. The objective of this study is to develop a scale for measuring OSA functional health literacy among diverse audiences and a variety of reading levels and to ascertain its reliability and validity. Methods Development of the 18-item Survey of OSA Functional Health Literacy (SOFHL) was guided by literature review and input from experts. A convenience sample of persons enrolled in a clinical trial completed the survey (n = 194). Factor analysis was used to identify the number of dimensions in the SOFHL and their relationship to other domains that are relevant to OSA functional health literacy. Internal consistency reliability (alpha) was estimated for the SOFHL scales and correlations with educational attainment and income computed. Results All respondents were Black and 29% reported average household income less than $10000 USD. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for two dimensions: OSA general knowledge (alpha = 0.81) and OSA self-management efficacy (alpha = 0.71). OSA general knowledge was significantly correlated with education (r = 0.41) and income (r = 0.21), and OSA self-management efficacy was significantly correlated with education (r = 0.19) and less depression (r = -0.18). Conclusions Higher educational attainment and socioeconomic status were associated with better OSA functional health literacy. These results provide preliminary support for the SOFHL, a measure that can be used to assess OSA functional health literacy.
Band offsets in ITO/Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructures
Carey IV, Patrick H.,Ren IV, F.,Hays IV, David C.,Gila IV, B.P,Pearton IV, S.J.,Jang IV, Soohwan,Kuramata IV, Akito Elsevier 2017 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.422 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The valence band offsets in rf-sputtered Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/single crystal β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (ITO/Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) heterostructures were measured with X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy using the Kraut method. The bandgaps of the component materials in the heterostructure were determined by Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy as 4.6eV for Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and 3.5eV for ITO. The valence band offset was determined to be −0.78±0.30eV, while the conduction band offset was determined to be −0.32±0.13eV. The ITO/Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> system has a nested gap (type I) alignment. The use of a thin layer of ITO between a metal and the Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> is an attractive approach for reducing contact resistance on Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-based power electronic devices and solar-blind photodetectors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We measured the band offsets of ITO on Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, a promising wide bandgap semiconductor for solar-blind detectors and power electronics. </LI> <LI> The band alignment is nested (type I), with a valence band offset of −0.78eV </LI> <LI> The results show the use of ITO interlayers will be beneficial to improving Ohmic contacts on Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P>
Achievement Goal Orientation in Chinese Societies: Implications for College Counseling
Ching-Chen Chen,Wei-Wen Chen,George B. Richardson,Chia-Laing Dai,Jared Lau,Danica G. Hays 한국상담학회 2018 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.8 No.1
Achievement goal orientation has been linked to various academic and psychosocial outcomes within the United States and globally. As college counselors increasingly work with a diversified student body, it is imperative that they understand goal orientation and how it should be assessed among various cultures and subcultures. This study evaluated the functioning of the Achievement Goal Scale items across samples from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau and tested whether metric (i.e., goal orientation dimensions had the same meanings) and scalar (i.e., means could be compared across groups) invariance held. Findings suggest that goal orientation can be assessed across Chinese societies and, therefore, used to inform the development of culturally appropriate counseling approaches when working with college students. Implications for counseling practice and research are provided.
Tsui, Jonathan H.,Janebodin, Kajohnkiart,Ieronimakis, Nicholas,Yama, David M. P.,Yang, Hee Seok,Chavanachat, Rakchanok,Hays, Aislinn L.,Lee, Haeshin,Reyes, Morayma,Kim, Deok-Ho American Chemical Society 2017 ACS NANO Vol.11 No.12
<P>Despite possessing substantial regenerative capacity, skeletal muscle can suffer from loss of function due to catastrophic traumatic injury or degenerative disease. In such cases, engineered tissue grafts hold the potential to restore function and improve patient quality of life. Requirements for successful integration of engineered tissue grafts with the host musculature include cell alignment that mimics host tissue architecture and directional functionality, as well as vascularization to ensure tissue survival. Here, we have developed biomimetic nanopatterned poly(lactic-<I>co</I>-glycolic acid) substrates conjugated with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a potent angiogenic and myogenic factor, to enhance myoblast and endothelial maturation. Primary muscle cells cultured on these functionalized S1P nanopatterned substrates developed a highly aligned and elongated morphology and exhibited higher expression levels of myosin heavy chain, in addition to genes characteristic of mature skeletal muscle. We also found that S1P enhanced angiogenic potential in these cultures, as evidenced by elevated expression of endothelial-related genes. Computational analyses of live-cell videos showed a significantly improved functionality of tissues cultured on S1P-functionalized nanopatterns as indicated by greater myotube contraction displacements and velocities. In summary, our study demonstrates that biomimetic nanotopography and S1P can be combined to synergistically regulate the maturation and vascularization of engineered skeletal muscles.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2017/ancac3.2017.11.issue-12/acsnano.7b00186/production/images/medium/nn-2017-001868_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn7b00186'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>