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- 저자 : Hauff, Folkmar (검색결과 4 건)
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Alternative Models of Social States in Europe : Will Europe come to an agreement?
Hauff, Michael von 한국EU학회 1999 EU학연구 Vol.4 No.2
For historical reasons, there are many different models of social states in the European countries. These social states have been developed or extended in the last one hundred years. Various positions have moved closer together to a certain extent, but the different structural features which remain, mean that the different models can still clearly be distinguished. The national social states have kept their identity during the process of European unification. Nevertheless, a European social policy has been developed during this process of unification. Up to now, the only common ground which exists is relatively non-committal as concerns a European social constitution. This constitution should complement and help balance the different policies of the national social states.
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Petrogenesis of basalts along the eastern Woodlark spreading center, equatorial western Pacific
Park, Sung-Hyun,Michael, Peter J.,Kamenov, George D.,Lee, Sang-Mook,Hauff, Folkmar,Lee, Kyeong Yong Elsevier 2018 Lithos Vol.316 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Seafloor spreading in the Woodlark Basin is taking place on pre-existing arc crust that was produced by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate into the Pocklington Trough (now inactive) to the south during the Paleogene. The Woodlark Basin has a unique tectonic setting characterized by two surrounding subduction zones. To the east, a spreading ridge is also currently being subducted beneath the Solomon Arc. Moreover, long-term subduction of the Pacific Plate occurred in this area, which was halted by the collision of the Ontong–Java Plateau with the Vitiaz Trench at ca. 10 Ma. Any one of these subduction zones could have influenced the mantle beneath the Woodlark Basin. In this study, basalts from the eastern Woodlark Basin spreading center (EWLB; eastern Woodlark Basin basalts) were analyzed for major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions to investigate the melting processes and mantle heterogeneity in this unusual tectonic setting. Our results show that the EWLB can be classified into three types based on major and trace elements, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic characteristics: normal EWLB (N-EWLB), very depleted EWLB (VD-EWLB), and ultra-depleted EWLB (UD-EWLB). N-EWLB are similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB) and comprise most of the EWLB. The EWLB formed from local mantle, which is similar to depleted MORB mantle. VD-EWLB are more depleted than N-EWLB and have a weak subduction fingerprint. These rocks are characterized by increasing Nb/La with increasing Sm/La, which is a trend that is not produced by peridotite melting. As such, VD-EWLB may have formed by melting of a source containing residual eclogite that had previously undergone low-degree partial melting during subduction, leaving residual rutile in the source. UD-EWLB are extremely depleted relative to global MORB, have elevated H<SUB>2</SUB>O/Ce and Ba/Nb ratios similar to back-arc basin basalts (BABB), and lower concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB>O and Ba than N-MORB. We propose that UD-EWLB was derived from sub-arc residual mantle that was enriched by fluid and then experienced melt depletion. The subduction fingerprints in the VD- and UD-EWLB are not related to the current ridge subduction or earlier, long-term subduction of the Pacific Plate in the northeast of the basin, as they are geochemically distinct from the Solomon Arc, which was strongly influenced by both these subduction systems. Instead, we suggest that the subduction fingerprint of the VD- and UD-EWLB was produced during Paleogene subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate to the south.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Petrogenesis of highly-depleted basalt </LI> <LI> Subarc residual mantle and flux melting beneath an arc or back-arc environment </LI> <LI> Residual eclogite and partial melting of subducted altered oceanic crust. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Savelyev, Dmitry P.,Kamenetsky, Vadim S.,Danyushevsky, Leonid V.,Botcharnikov, Roman E.,Kamenetsky, Maya B.,Park, Jung-Woo,Portnyagin, Maxim V.,Olin, Paul,Krasheninnikov, Stepan P.,Hauff, Folkmar,Zele Mineralogical Society of America 2018 The American mineralogist Vol.103 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Silicate-sulfide liquid immiscibility in mantle-derived magmas has important control on the budget of siderophile and chalcophile metals, and is considered to be instrumental in the origin orthomagmatic sulfide deposits. Data on primitive sulfide melts in natural samples, even those representing most voluminous magmatism in oceanic rifts, are very scarce due to the small size and poor preservation of incipient sulfide melt globules. Here we present the first detailed report of the crystallized sulfides melts in the oceanic picrites of the (presumably) Cretaceous age Kamchatsky Mys ophiolite complex in Eastern Kamchatka (Far East Russia). Sulfide melts are present in three forms; (1) as inclusions in olivine (87.1-89.6 mol% Fo), (2) interstitial to the groundmass minerals (clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and Ti-magnetite) of studied picrites, and (3) as daughter phases in silicate melt inclusions hosted by olivine and Cr-spinel phenocrysts. The sulfide melt inclusions in olivine and the groundmass of studied rocks are composed of several sulfide phases that correspond to the monosulfide (Fe-Ni;<I>Mss</I>) and intermediate (Fe-Cu-Ni;<I>Iss</I>) solid solutions. Several <0.5 μm Pd-Sn, Pt-Ag, and Au-Ag phases are recorded within the matrix sulfides, commonly along phase boundaries and fractures. Major elements (S, Fe, Cu, Ni, Co), platinum group elements (PGE), and gold analyzed in the homogenized olivine-hosted sulfide melt inclusions, and phases identified in the matrix sulfides record the range of magmatic sulfide compositions. The most primitive sulfide liquids are notably enriched in Ni and Cu [(Ni+Cu)/Fe, at% > 0.5], continuously evolve with crystallization of (e.g., increasing Cu/Ni and Au/PGE) and demonstrate metal fractionation between<I>Mss</I>and<I>Iss</I>. Although the compositional systematics found in this study are consistent with those previously recorded, the compositions of individual sulfide phases are strongly affected by the noble metal (PGE, Au) “nuggets” that exsolve at subsolidus temperatures and form during serpentinization of the rocks. We conclude that the budget of noble metals in the studied picrites is controlled by sulfides, but the abundances of Pt and Au are influenced by mobility in post-magmatic alteration. Our data can be also used for modeling sulfide saturation at crustal pressures and understanding behavior of the noble metals in primitive oceanic magmas.</P>
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