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Recent Advances in "Skin Barrier" Research
( Ha Na Bak ) 한국피부장벽학회 2011 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.13 No.1
The stratum corneum, at the interface with the environment and highly specialized to deal with a multitude of environmental challenges, has recieved a great deal of attention. Researches on the stratum corneum biology and chemistry has greatly progressed over the last decade. Recent researches about stratum corneum maturity in relation to desquamation and barrier function, filaggrin biology, natural moisturising factors, stratum corneum proteases, and emerging researches about antimicrobial barrier are discussed. This short review gives a overview of the entire skin as an integrated system having multiple barrier functions harmonized to provide the nessesary defensive mechanisms. But, despite our increasing knowlege of the stratum corneum biology, we are still far from understanding the exact control mechanisms in skin barrier.
( Ha Na Bak ) 한국피부장벽학회 2012 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.14 No.1
Most moisturizers on the market are treated as cosmetics. But, according to medical regulation in Korea, only pharmaceuticals and medical devices can be recommended for treatment of skin diseases. However, a daily moisturizers are recommended by dermatologists as an important part of the management of patients with atopic dermatitis and other dry skin diseases. Cosmetics may contain allergens and some formulations also deteriorate skin barrier function, with possible negative effects on the skin. Not surprisingly, more detailed and scientific data on the potential effects and side effects of moisturizers and cleansers have been needed. In addition, more knowledge about cosmetics was requested for dermatologists. In the present overview, the effects of moisturizers and cleansers on skin dryness, barrier function, and prevention of dermatitis and medically important ingredients are briefly discussed.
박하나 ( Ha Na Bak ) 한국피부장벽학회 2009 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.11 No.1
아토피 피부염은 유전적 소인을 가진 만성 재발성 습진성 질환으로 아직 정확한 원인 및 발병기전이 밝혀져 있지 않다. 현재까지 알려진 고전적인 기전으로는 각종 흡입과 음식물 알러젠 및 포도상구균에 관한 면역학적 기전과 피부장벽 기능의 이상이 알려져 있다. 그 중에서도 피부장벽 기능의 이상과 관련하여 많은 연구가 진행되었는데 아토피 피부염 환자의 각질층에서 수분함량은 감소되어 있고 경표피수분소실은 증가되어 있으며 높은 산도가 병인과 관련됨이 잘 알려져 있다. 이외에도 LL-37, hBD-2,3, dermcidin 등의 피부표면의 antimicrobial peptide는 감소되어 있고 일부 psoriasin과 같은 antimicrobial peptide는 오히려 증가되어 있음이 새로 밝혀지고 있다. 최근에는 이런 고전적인 두 지 개념의 병태생리 기전이 시기별로 상호작용하여 아토피 피부염 발생을 설명하는 단일화된 가설의 새로운 패러다임을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 연구에 발맞추어 새로운 치료제도 개발되고 있는데 우선 고전적인 치료로는 악화 인자의 회피와 적절한 피부 보습 그리고 항히스타민제와 부신피질호르몬 경구복용 및 국소도포가 있고 최근 새로운 면역억제제 및 면역요법 등이 소개되고 있으며 그 외에도 probiotics 에 관련한 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다.
박하나 ( Ha Na Bak ) 한국피부장벽학회 2010 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Moisturizers are substances designed to improve and maintain the skin barrier. They could include active ingredients that minimize dehydration, photoprotect, and provide antioxidant properties. Moisturizers are based on occlusive substances such as petrolatum and dimethicone, and humectant substances, such as glycerin, with a variety of sunscreens and botanicals for added functionality. Moisturizers prevent and treat dry skin, protect sensitive skin, improve skin tone and texture. Also, moisturizers can serve as important adjunctive therapeutic modalities for patients with various dermatologic disorders, including acne vulgaris, rosacea, retinoid-induced irritant dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and the skin dryness that appears to occur with intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Therapeutic moisturizers, defined as those proven in clinical trials to be both compatible with topical therapies and biocompatible with the skin, not only improve the signs and symptoms of dry skin but also, as research has demonstrated, help maintain hydration and overall integrity of the stratum corneum. The type of humectants and emollients contained in a therapeutic moisturizer can affect the overall tolerability of the formulation. Dermatologists should recommend therapeutic moisturizers that are noncomedogenic, devoid of irritant ingredients, and compatible with many therapeutic regimens. But some factors have to be considered when assessing the safety of a moisturizer. We should consider harmful effects including allergenicity, irritation and carcinogenesis.