IMPACT BEHAVIOR MODELING OF MOTORCYCLE FRONT WHEEL-TIRE ASSEMBLY

K. S. TAN,S. V. WONG,R. S. RADIN UMAR,N. K. GUPTA,A. M. S. HAMOUDA 한국자동차공학회 2009 International journal of automotive technology Vol.10 No.3

Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of certain parameters that affect the impact response of the motorcycle front wheel-tire assembly under various impact conditions. Impact tests were conducted according to 2V 5–1 fractional factorial design using a pendulum impact test apparatus with impact speed, impact mass, tire inflation pressure level, striker geometry, and impact location as design factors. Significant factors influencing the response of the wheel-tire assembly were identified. Coefficients for each factor were also determined, and empirical models were then developed for each response. An analysis indicates that the developed models fit well within the experimental ranges of the respective factors. However, for several interaction effects, the models become unrealistic, whereby they give certain deformation values when approaching zero impact mass and/or zero impact velocity. This is not consistent with the mechanics of the physical world, as there should not be any significant deformation when delivered impact energy is small enough. Efforts have been made in developing better models to resolve the inconsistency and to include a wider range, especially considering the case of the lower limit of experimental factors, which are an impact mass of 51.18 kg and/or an impact velocity of 3 m s−1 (10.8 km/h) down to zero. The minimum amount of impact energy required to produce the onset of observable deformation on the wheel was incorporated in the development of new models. Finally, the present models have been developed not only to cover the lower regions but also to range up to the upper limits of the factors, which are an impact mass of 101.33 kg and an impact velocity of 6 m s−1 (21.6 km/h). Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of certain parameters that affect the impact response of the motorcycle front wheel-tire assembly under various impact conditions. Impact tests were conducted according to 2V 5–1 fractional factorial design using a pendulum impact test apparatus with impact speed, impact mass, tire inflation pressure level, striker geometry, and impact location as design factors. Significant factors influencing the response of the wheel-tire assembly were identified. Coefficients for each factor were also determined, and empirical models were then developed for each response. An analysis indicates that the developed models fit well within the experimental ranges of the respective factors. However, for several interaction effects, the models become unrealistic, whereby they give certain deformation values when approaching zero impact mass and/or zero impact velocity. This is not consistent with the mechanics of the physical world, as there should not be any significant deformation when delivered impact energy is small enough. Efforts have been made in developing better models to resolve the inconsistency and to include a wider range, especially considering the case of the lower limit of experimental factors, which are an impact mass of 51.18 kg and/or an impact velocity of 3 m s−1 (10.8 km/h) down to zero. The minimum amount of impact energy required to produce the onset of observable deformation on the wheel was incorporated in the development of new models. Finally, the present models have been developed not only to cover the lower regions but also to range up to the upper limits of the factors, which are an impact mass of 101.33 kg and an impact velocity of 6 m s−1 (21.6 km/h).

최고의 정규 모집단을 뽑기 위한 부분집합선택절차론의 운용특성에 관한 연구

손중권,Shanti S. Gupta 한국통계학회 1990 응용통계연구 Vol.3 No.1

지난 30여년간 급격히 발전해 온 다중결정이론 중 부분집합선택론은 매우 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 특히 여러가지 형태의 부분집합선택절차론 중에서 최초로 소개된 Gupta형 선택절차론은 모든 절차론들의 기본이 되어 오고 있음으로 그 중요성은 널리 인식되고 있다. 더우기 응용부문에 있어서도 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 선택절차론들 중의 하나이기도 하다. 따라서 Gupta형 선책절차론에 대한 일반적인 성질들도 많이 규명되어 왔다. 특히 결정론적 측면에서나 베이스 이론적 측면에서의 최적성 및 점근적 효율성에 있어서는 Gupta와 Hsu(1978), Bj$\phi$rnstad(1980), 그리고 Bickel과 Yahav(1982)가 성질 들을 규명내지는 다른 형의 부분집합선택절차론들과 특정분포에 대해 비교 검토하였다. 또한 수집된 자료가 선택절차론의 근본 가정들을 위반할 경우가 실제로 다반사로 일어난다. 따라서 근본가정이 위배될 경우 선택절차론의 강건력에 대해서도 연구가 부분적으로 진행되었다. Gupta형 선택절차론과 중앙값 선택절차론과의 비교도 Gupta와 Singh(1980)과 Sohn(1985)에 의해 진행되었으며, 특히 스피리지 배치에서 점근적 효율성을 연구하였다. 하지만 부분집합선택절차론이 차지하는 중요성에 비해 그 자체에 대한 여러 측면에 있어서의 성질 및 운용특성에 대한 포괄적이고 일반적인 연구는 미흡한 편이다. The subset selection approach introduced by Gupta plays an important role in the multiple decision procedures. For the normal means problem with common unknown variance, some operating characteristics of the selection procedure have been investigated via Monte Carlo simulation. Also some properties including efficiencies of the selection procedure are examined when the data are contaminated.

Photoluminescence, thermoluminescence and evaluation of some parameters of Dy³⁺ activated Sr₅(PO₄)₃F phosphor synthesized by sol-gel method

Gupta, K.K.,Kadam, R.M.,Dhoble, N.S.,Lochab, S.P.,Singh, V.,Dhoble, S.J. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.688 No.2

In this study, we have synthesized Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> activated Sr<SUB>5</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>F (S-FAP) phosphors by sol-gel synthesis method. The synthesized phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) for structural, morphological and luminescent properties. Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> activated Sr<SUB>5</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>F phosphor shows its characteristic PL emission at 481 nm and 574 nm due to <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>9/2</SUB> → <SUP>6</SUP>H<SUB>15/2</SUB> and <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>9/2</SUB> → <SUP>6</SUP>H<SUB>13/2</SUB> transitions, respectively. TL characteristics of Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> doped Sr<SUB>5</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>F phosphors were taken after irradiation by <SUP>60</SUP>Co gamma exposure. Two separate TL peaks at 126 <SUP>o</SUP>C and 279 <SUP>o</SUP>C were observed in case of Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> doped phosphor. Sr<SUB>5</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>F:Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> phosphor was irradiated within a wide range of exposure of 50 Gy to 7 kGy doses. Linearity was found up to 2 kGy and thereafter TL response saturates. Fading study was also carried out over the duration of six weeks for Sr<SUB>5</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>F phosphor. Trapping parameters were calculated using Chen's peak shape method, initial rise method and various heating rate method. Glow curve is deconvoluted using computerized glow curve deconvolution program. TL sensitivity of Sr<SUB>5</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>F:Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> phosphor is found to be less by a factor of 2.08 than commercially used CaSO<SUB>4</SUB>:Dy phosphor. In order to identify the defect centers formed upon γ-ray irradiation in Sr<SUB>5</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>F:Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> phosphor, EPR measurements were carried out on un-irradiated and irradiated phosphors.

Pharmacopuncture of Bauhinia variegata Nanoemulsion Formulation against Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

Gupta, Pushpraj S,Singh, Sunil K,Tripathi, Abhishek K KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2020 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.23 No.1

Objectives: The objective of the study was to prepare Bauhinia variegata loaded nanoemulsion(formulation and determine the efficacy of herbal drug formulation against diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain through acupuncture technique. Methods: Nine different ba tches of nanoemulsion (NE1 NE9) of BVN was prepared by varying the S_mix ratio and the concentration of oil. BVN was characterized to determine particle size, shape, zeta potential, polydispersity index, optical transmittance, drug release profile and stora ge stability. The optimized formulation was subjected to plantar test, behavioral tests of neuropathic pain and Von Frey filament stimulation test. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to the experimental rats. Animals were made diabetic divided into four groups, Group I was untreated normal control group, Group II was diabetic control group, Group III was Bauhinia variegata extract ( treated group (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) and Group IV was BVN treated groups (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) acute and chronically. Results: The prepared B. variegata loaded nanoemulsion was nanosized (124 nm), spherical, uniform and stable over the period of 180 days with no change in physiochemical properties. The bl ood glucose and body weight of animals was normalizing after four weeks of treatment that was significant with BVN in comparison to diabetic control group. The chronic administration of BVN significantly (P<0.001) decreased hind paw withdrawal latency an d attenuated mechanical allodynia as compared with diabetic rats. Conclusion: Thus, BVN may be an effective drug formulation against diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.

Perceived Motivators and Barriers for Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Study of SMEs in Oman

S,L,GUPTA,Najmul HODA 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.5

The main goal of this research is to understand how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) owners in Oman perceive the factors that drive or impede their growth and sustainability. Based on survey data of 395 SMEs in Oman, factor analysis was conducted to check if all the items load as one factor in each of the constructs. The results show that all the items measuring motivators and barriers loaded significantly for the respective scales, with high reliability (Cronbach alpha for Motivators = 0.991 and Barriers = 0.995). Relationships between the demographic factors of entrepreneurs and firm characteristics were tested and it was found that all the four variables: age of the entrepreneur (p = 0.00), qualification of the entrepreneur (p = 0.00), SME sector (p = 0.00), and age of the firm (p = 0.00) have a significant relationship with both the Motivators and the Barriers. The findings of this study could have significant implications for policymakers in Oman and other Middle Eastern countries. Since SMEs face similar problems and are given priority around the world, the findings could be applicable to other countries, as well. The findings also add important results to the empirical literature on SMEs.

Tourism in Maldives

S,C,Bagri,S,K,Gupta,Reena Sharma 세계문화관광학회 2009 Conference Proceedings Vol.10 No.0

The paper includes the growth of tourism since years in Maldives. The paper examines tourist development in Maldives. This will include the tourism indicators and impacts of tourism economically, socially and culturally. Although social/cultural impacts from coastal tourism development have been widely recognized in a great number of cases, it is relatively, difficult to develop technical criteria, for evaluating these impacts in quantitative terms. According to the Ministry of Tourism website, the emergence of tourism in 1972 transformed the economy of the Maldives, moving rapidly from the dependence on the fisheries sector to the tourism sector. Just in three and a half decades, the industry has become the main source of income and livelihood of the people of the Maldives. Tourism is also the country's biggest foreign currency earner and the single largest contributor to the GDP. Today, there are 89 resorts in the Maldives with a bed capacity of over 17,000, providing world class facilities for tourists whose annual arrival figure exceeds 600,000.

SOME POINT ESTIMATES FOR THE SHAPE PARAMETERS OF EXPONENTIATED-WEIBULL FAMILY

UMESH SINGH,PRAMOD K. GUPTA,S. K. UPADHYAY 한국통계학회 2006 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.35 No.1

Maximum product of spacings estimator is proposed in this paper asa competent alternative of maximum likelihood estimator for the parame-ters of exponentiated-Weibull distribution, which does work even when themaximum likelihood estimator does not exist. In addition, a Bayes type esti-mator known as generalized maximum likelihood estimator is also obtainedfor both of the shape parameters of the aforesaid distribution. Though, theclosed form solutions for these proposed estimators do not exist yet thesecan be obtained by simple appropriate numerical techniques. The relativeperformances of estimators are compared on the basis of their relative riskeciencies obtained under symmetric and asymmetric losses. An examplebased on simulated data is considered for illustration.AMS 2000 subject classications.Primary 62F10, 62F15, 93B40; Secondary 65C10,62N99.Keywords. Maximum product of spacings estimators, generalized maximum likelihoodestimators, maximum likelihood estimator, squared error loss function, LINEX loss func-tion, relative risk eciency, non-informative prior.1. IntroductionThe data obtained from lifetime experiments are referred to as failure timedata and such failure time data, results from dierent lifetime experiments con-ducted under sophisticated controlled and complex environments, exhibit dier-ent ypes of failure rates, which are generally categorized as, constant, monotoneReceived November 2004; accepted December 2005.yThis work was supported by Senior Research Fellowship (S.R.F), funded by Council ofScientic and Industrial Research (C.S.I.R.), India.

Nonlinear dynamic buckling of laminated angle-ply composite spherical caps

Gupta, S.S.,Patel, B.P.,Ganapathi, M. Techno-Press 2003 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.15 No.4

This paper deals with nonlinear asymmetric dynamic buckling of clamped laminated angle-ply composite spherical shells under suddenly applied pressure loads. The formulation is based on first-order shear deformation theory and Lagrange's equation of motion. The nonlinearity due to finite deformation of the shell considering von Karman's assumptions is included in the formulation. The buckling loads are obtained through dynamic response history using Newmark's numerical integration scheme coupled with a Newton-Raphson iteration technique. An axisymmetric curved shell element is used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the spherical caps. The pressure value beyond which the maximum average displacement response shows significant growth rate in the time history of the shell structure is considered as critical dynamic load. Detailed numerical results are presented to highlight the influence of ply-angle, shell geometric parameter and asymmetric mode on the critical load of spherical caps.

Kumbh Mela, in India, the World's Biggest Religious Festival and its Modern Makeover

S.K.Gupta,Mihai Voda 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0

Pilgrimage to sacred places is a very ancient practice found almost universally across the world's religions. The formation of Hindu places of pilgrimage was largely shaped through important rituals that were performed at a specific location.Kumbh Mela is a mass Hindu pilgrimage. It occurs four times every twelve years and rotates among four locations in India: Allahabad (Prayag) at the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna and mythical Saraswati River, Haridwar along Ganga River, Ujjain along the Kshipra River and Nasik along the Godavari River. So Kumbh Mela is practically held every three years across the four locations. It is attended by millions of people on a single day. It is the largest religious gathering on Earth. The main & common reason for one to attend the holy festival of Kumbh Mela is to take dip in Holy River for taking human out of the circle of life & death (stage known as Moksha). Pilgrims & Sadhus in great number from around the world visit here to liberate themselves. A ritual bath at a predetermined time and place is the major event of this festival. Other activities include religious discussions, devotional singing, mass feeding of holy men/women and the poor, and religious assemblies where doctrines are debated and standardized. The greatest features of this Mela are furious and exotic Naga Sadhus (The Naked ones) covered in ash, matted hairs. They are known as preserver of faith.Ten million Hindu pilgrims led by hundreds of ash-covered, naked holy men streamed into the sacred waters of the river Ganges on April 14, 2010 at the world's biggest religious festival. At the end of the four-month fair (January 14 to April 30, 2010) about 50 million pilgrims have visited the ancient and holy city of Haridwar, India. The Kumbh Mela is no longer just about ash-smeared sadhus, saffron-clad cult-leaders and millions of rural devotees seeking salvation in a holy dip. The event at Haridwar is considered parallel the Commonwealth Games in Delhi as a trendy tourist attraction. With fancy facilities and a list celebrities coming on stealthy visits, the old festival has had a modern makeover. Tour operators had earned big valuable dollars and lift the industry from the 26/11 attacks last year in Mumbai and the economic downturn that followed. The paper includes the background, unique tradition, management and modern makeover and changes of this age-old festival.

Voxel-Based Dosimetry of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Conjugated ¹⁷⁷Lu-Labeled Folic Acid Using SPECT/CT Imaging of Mice

Gupta, Arun,Shin, Jae H.,Lee, Min S.,Park, Ji Y.,Kim, Kyuwan,Kim, Joong H.,Suh, Minseok,Park, Cho R.,Kim, Young J.,Song, Myung G.,Jeong, Jae M.,Lee, Dong S.,Lee, Yun-Sang,Lee, Jae S. American Chemical Society 2019 Molecular pharmaceutics Vol.16 No.4

<P>Several radiolabeled folic acid conjugates have been developed for targeted imaging and therapy. However, the therapeutic concept with radiolabeled folate conjugates has not yet been applied to clinical applications owing to the high renal absorbed dose. The effectiveness of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) depends primarily on the absorbed dose rate and on the total absorbed dose delivered to the tumor and to normal tissue. Owing to various limitations associated with organ level dosimetry, voxel-based dosimetry has become essential for the assessment of a more accurate absorbed dose during TRT. In this study, we synthesized iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-conjugated radiolabeled folate (<SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate) and performed voxel-based dosimetry using SPECT/CT images of normal mice through direct Geant4 application for emission tomography (GATE) Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. We also prepared <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-Folate and <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONPs for the comparison of absorbed doses with that of <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate. In addition, we calculated the mean absorbed dose at the organ-level using the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) schema. The radioactivities of all three radiotracers were mainly accumulated in the liver and kidneys immediately after injection. For the kidneys, the voxel-based absorbed doses obtained with <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate, <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-Folate, and <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONPs were 1.01 ± 0.17, 2.46 ± 0.50, and 0.52 ± 0.08 Gy/MBq, respectively. The renal absorbed dose decreased significantly (∼half) when <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate was used compared with when the <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-Folate only was used. The mean absorbed dose values obtained at organ-level using the MIRD schema were comparable to voxel-based absorbed doses estimated with GATE MC. The voxel-based absorbed dose values obtained in this study of individualized activity show that the renal absorbed dose could be reduced to almost half with <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate. Therefore, <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate could be clinically applicable in the TRT of folate receptor-positive cancers in a personalized manner when using the voxel-based dosimetry method.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>