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Pandiyan Indira Gandhi,Kulaiyappa Gunasekaran,Selvaraj Poonguzhali,Rangasamy Anandham,,김길하,정근욱,Tongmin Sa 한국응용곤충학회 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.4
Laboratory experiment was conducted to compare the relative toxicity of biopesticides like Pseudomonas fluorescens strain pf1 and neem oil with imidacloprid, quinalphos, and endosulfan against an egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis, and a predatory green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. Biopesticides were safer than chemical insecticides in minimizing harmful effects on development and behavior of two natural enemies. P. fluorescens treatment recorded high parasitism (≈73%) and parasitoid egg development (≈72%) of T. chilonis. It also gave high egg (≈75%) development on C. carnea. Neem oil recorded 58.9 % parasitoid emecrgence, and 59.3 % parasitism, and 63.1 % egg hathability. Other chemical insecticides exhibited high damages on the natural enemies.
Gandhi Pandiyan Indira,Gunasekaran Kulaiyappa,Poonguzhali Selvaraj,Anandham Rangasamy,Kim Gil-Hah,Chung Keun-Yook,Sa Tong-Min Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.4
Laboratory experiment was conducted to compare the relative toxicity of biopesticides like Pseudomonas fluorescens strain pf1 and neem oil with imidacloprid, quinalphos, and endosulfan against an egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis, and a predatory green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. Biopesticides were safer than chemical insecticides in minimizing harmful effects on development and behavior of two natural enemies. P. fluorescens treatment recorded high parasitism (${\thickapprox}73%$) and parasitoid egg development (${\thickapprox}72%$) of T. chilonis. It also gave high egg (${\thickapprox}75%$) development on C. carnea. Neem oil recorded 58.9 % parasitoid emecrgence, and 59.3 % parasitism, and 63.1 % egg hathability. Other chemical insecticides exhibited high damages on the natural enemies.