Evaluation of Genetic Divergence in Spanish Bunch Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.) Genotypes

( Saikat Gantait ),( Sunil Kumar Gunri ),( Rajib Kundu ),( Soumitra Chatterjee ) 한국육종학회 2017 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.5 No.3

In our present study, we report the nature and degree of genetic diversity among 21 promising Spanish bunch groundnut genotypes of different agro-climatic regions, obtained from Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat (India) during Kharif for 2015-16. The results obtained from analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference (P < 0.05) between the genotypes in terms of days to first flowering, days to maturity, 100-kernels weight, shelling percentage, sound matured kernel, and pod yield. The recorded data matrix on seven morphological traits were employed for Non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis based on square Euclidian distance by Un-weighted Paired Group Arithmetic Average method. The 21 genotypes were grouped into four distinct non-overlapping clusters in a random sequence, indicating the presence of high dimension of genetic diversity. Pod yield as an economically important trait was found to be the key contributor towards the genetic divergence followed by days to maturity. Based on magnitude of divergence and performance towards yield and yield attributes, five genotypes (TG-75, AK-343, ICGV-07038, Girnar-3 and TCGS-1157) were selected for exploitation as parents in future breeding programs. Based on high yielding genotypes and large inter-cluster distances, a trial on crossing of the genotypes from cluster II with the genotypes of clusters IV and III, genotypes from cluster I with II emphasizing on selected five genotypes could result in wide spectrum of promising genetic variability, aiming at enhancement of groundnut yield.

Cryopreservation of Forest Tree Seeds: A Mini-Review

Gantait, Saikat,Kundu, Suprabuddha,Wani, Shabir Hussain,Das, Prakash Kanti Institute of Forest Science 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.3

Since forest trees form the basis of forest ecosystem, their prolong subsistence is crucial for various flora and fauna. The foremost challenges to sustain the forest ecosystem comprise of the declining forest tree population accompanied with structural changes due to afforestation and exploitation of forest area, environment changes, pests, pollution, and introgressive hybridization. For ex situ conservation approach, in vitro techniques encompass basic role for conserving tree genetic resources, predominantly where natural propagules like recalcitrant seed might not be appropriate for long-term conservation. The practice includes restricted growth techniques, conventional micropropagation, production and storage of synthetic seeds, and cryopreservation. Even though these practices have been applied chiefly to herbaceous species, but recently, woody species were also focused upon. Key conceptions, challenges and techniques for forest tree seed conservation are discussed briefly in this review with special emphasis on some successful cryopreservation approaches for long-term storage.

Storability, post-storage conversion and genetic stability assessment of alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of monopodial orchid hybrid Aranda Wan Chark Kuan 'Blue' ${\times}$ Vanda coerulea Grifft. ex. Lindl

Gantait, Saikat,Sinniah, Uma Rani 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.3

An efficient short-term storage system of synthetic seeds, produced using in vitro shoot tips of the monopodial orchid hybrid Aranda Wan Chark Kuan 'Blue' 9 Vanda coerulea Grifft. ex. Lindl. (AV), was developed. In vitro shoot tips (3-4 mm) were successfully encapsulated, resulting in uniform spherical beads (capsules), using 3 % sodium alginate with 75 mM $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$. Maximum (~100 %) conversion (int plantlets with shoot and root) of capsules (or synthetic seeds) was achieved on quarter-strength Murashige and Skoog regrowth medium, while full-strength MS medium was required for effective conversion of non-encapsulated shoot tips. The capsules showed distinct difference in their response to temperature during storage. The conversion efficiency declined upon storage duration at both 4 and $25^{\circ}C$, with those stored at $25^{\circ}C$ being more tolerant storage. Capsules stored at $4^{\circ}C$ had rapid deterioration an faced complete death within 160 days while those stored for 200 days at $25^{\circ}C$ showed relatively high conversio (71.6 %). An inter-simple sequence repeats fingerprinting approach, employed on indiscriminately chosen plantlets from converted capsules (following 4 and $25^{\circ}C$ of storage) ensured the post-storage genetic stability.

Storability, post-storage conversion and genetic stability assessment of alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of monopodial orchid hybrid Aranda Wan Chark Kuan ‘Blue’ 3 Vanda coerulea Grifft. ex. Lindl.

Saikat Gantait,Uma Rani Sinniah 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.3

An efficient short-term storage system of syntheticseeds, produced using in vitro shoot tips of themonopodial orchid hybrid Aranda Wan Chark Kuan‘Blue’ 9 Vanda coerulea Grifft. ex. Lindl. (AV), wasdeveloped. In vitro shoot tips (3–4 mm) were successfullyencapsulated, resulting in uniform spherical beads (capsules),using 3 % sodium alginate with 75 mMCaCl22H2O. Maximum (*100 %) conversion (intoplantlets with shoot and root) of capsules (or syntheticseeds) was achieved on quarter-strength Murashige andSkoog regrowth medium, while full-strength MS mediumwas required for effective conversion of non-encapsulatedshoot tips. The capsules showed distinct difference in theirresponse to temperature during storage. The conversionefficiency declined upon storage duration at both 4 and25 C, with those stored at 25 C being more tolerant tostorage. Capsules stored at 4 C had rapid deterioration andfaced complete death within 160 days while those storedfor 200 days at 25 C showed relatively high conversion(71.6 %). An inter-simple sequence repeats fingerprintingapproach, employed on indiscriminately chosen plantletsfrom converted capsules (following 4 and 25 C of storage),ensured the post-storage genetic stability.

Cryopreservation of Forest Tree Seeds : A Mini-Review

Saikat Gantait,Suprabuddha Kundu,Shabir Hussain Wani,Prakash Kanti Das 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.3

Since forest trees form the basis of forest ecosystem, their prolong subsistence is crucial for various flora and fauna. The foremost challenges to sustain the forest ecosystem comprise of the declining forest tree population accompanied with structural changes due to afforestation and exploitation of forest area, environment changes, pests, pollution, and introgressive hybridization. For ex situ conservation approach, in vitro techniques encompass basic role for conserving tree genetic resources, predominantly where natural propagules like recalcitrant seed might not be appropriate for long-term conservation. The practice includes restricted growth techniques, conventional micropropagation, production and storage of synthetic seeds, and cryopreservation. Even though these practices have been applied chiefly to herbaceous species, but recently, woody species were also focused upon. Key conceptions, challenges and techniques for forest tree seed conservation are discussed briefly in this review with special emphasis on some successful cryopreservation approaches for long-term storage.

Enhanced somatic embryogenesis, plant regeneration and total phenolic content estimation in Lycium barbarum L.: a highly nutritive and medicinal plant

Verma Sandeep Kumar,Gantait Saikat,Mukherjee Epsita,Gurel Ekrem 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae), commonly known as Goji (or wolfberry), is popular for its nutritive and medicinal properties and is called a “super fruit” or “super food”. Considering the importance of the economic utility, the potential of different explants (hypocotyl, leaf and root) of L. barbarumfor plant regeneration and somatic embryogenesis has been evaluated in the present study. Two sets of experiments were carried out; the first compared Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium suplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), N6- benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin, and zeatin alone, while the second set tested the combinations of TDZ with 2,4-D to inducecallus and subsequent shoot or embryo formation, respectively. For callus and subsequent shoot induction (for the first set of experiment), 2,4-D was the most effective for callus induction (100%), while TDZ at 1 mg/L produced a mean of 5 shoots per callus. For the second set of experiment spontaneous induction of somatic embryos as well as subsequent maximum shoot regeneration was recorded as 0.25 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L TDZ supplemented medium. Hypocotyl explant proved to be the most responsive organ that induced as many as 6 somatic embryos and subsequent 9regenerated shoots per callus. Later, the plantlets were successfully acclimatized (100%) and finally transferred to the greenhouse. Total phenolic content was measured from shoot, brown callus and white callus of L. barbarum L. grown in MS medium supplemented with auxin alone (for callus) and auxin-cytokinin (for shoots). The highest amount of total phenolic content (640 mg GAE/g DW) was obtained in shoot. The described protocol provides a simple way to regenerate plants through direct and indirect organogenesis as well as somatic embryogenesis, which would be useful for mass propagation, large-scale production of secondary metabolites, germplasm conservation, and genetic transformation studies in this medicinally important species.

Green synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications in various sectors: a topical review

Verma Sandeep Kumar,Das Ashok Kumar,Gantait Saikat,Panwar Yogita,Kumar Vinay,Brestic Marian 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.2

Nanomaterials (NMs) are gradually becoming pervasive in the modern world, entering every application for improving the quality of life. Multifaceted uses of NMs in curing diseases, biomedical instrumentation, bioimaging, drugs, and gene delivery, display devices, nanosensors, and biomarkers in several fields ranging from agriculture to industries, healthcare, and environment, have been well recognized. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) constitute a major type of NMs with broad-spectrum applications including their uses in agriculture. These are synthesized in large quantities via synthetic and biological approaches. Biological approaches are gaining appreciation and momentum, owing to the advantages associated with them, major being their environment friendly or ‘Green’ nature. This topical review focuses on the preparation of CNMs using natural resources, i.e., using the Green Nanotechnology. The up-to-date compilation presented here includes most of the popular green technological methods of producing the CNMs and their immediate uses as anticancer agents, in bio-labelling, as biosensors, in bio-remediation, in cell imaging, in fluorescent inks, and fluorescent dyes, as plant growth inducing agents, in nano-probes, in light-emitting devices and other applications. It is intended to update the reader with the state-of-the-art knowledge about the green technological methods for synthesizing CNMs, their uses, current trends, challenges, and future outlook on the topic.