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      • Symbol Interval Optimization for Molecular Communication With Drift

        Na-Rae Kim,Eckford, Andrew W.,Chan-Byoung Chae IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on nanobioscience Vol.13 No.3

        <P>In this paper, we propose a symbol interval optimization algorithm in molecular communication with drift. Proper symbol intervals are important in practical communication systems since information needs to be sent as fast as possible with low error rates. There is a trade-off, however, between symbol intervals and inter-symbol interference (ISI) from Brownian motion. Thus, we find proper symbol interval values considering the ISI inside two kinds of blood vessels, and also suggest no ISI system for strong drift models. Finally, an isomer-based molecule shift keying (IMoSK) is applied to calculate achievable data transmission rates (achievable rates, hereafter). Normalized achievable rates are also obtained and compared in one-symbol ISI and no ISI systems.</P>

      • Channel and Noise Models for Nonlinear Molecular Communication Systems

        Farsad, Nariman,Na-Rae Kim,Eckford, Andrew W.,Chan-Byoung Chae IEEE 2014 IEEE journal on selected areas in communications Vol.32 No.12

        <P>Recently, a tabletop molecular communication platform has been developed for transmitting short text messages across a room. The end-to-end system impulse response for this platform does not follow previously published theoretical works because of imperfect receiver, transmitter, and turbulent flows. Moreover, it is observed that this platform resembles a nonlinear system, which makes the rich body of theoretical work that has been developed by communication engineers not applicable to this platform. In this work, we first introduce corrections to the previous theoretical models of the end-to-end system impulse response based on the observed data from experimentation. Using the corrected impulse response models, we then formulate the nonlinearity of the system as noise and show that through simplifying assumptions it can be represented as Gaussian noise. Through formulating the system's nonlinearity as the output a linear system corrupted by noise, the rich toolbox of mathematical models of communication systems, most of which are based on linearity assumption, can be applied to this platform.</P>

      • SMIET: Simultaneous Molecular Information and Energy Transfer

        Guo, Weisi,Deng, Yansha,Yilmaz, H. Birkan,Farsad, Nariman,Elkashlan, Maged,Eckford, Andrew,Nallanathan, Arumugam,Chae, Chan-Byoung IEEE 2018 IEEE wireless communications Vol.25 No.1

        <P>The performance of communication systems is fundamentally limited by the loss of energy through propagation and circuit inefficiencies. The emergence of the Internet of Nano Things ecosystem means there is a need to design and build nanoscale energy efficient communication subsystems. In this article, we show that it is possible to achieve ultra low energy communications at the nanoscale, if diffusive molecules are used for carrying data. While the energy of electromagnetic waves will inevitably decay as a function of transmission distance and time, the energy in individual molecules does not. Over time, the receiver has an opportunity to recover some, if not all, of the molecular energy transmitted. The article demonstrates the potential of ultra-low energy SMIET through point-to-point systems, two different nano-relay systems, and multiple access systems. It also discusses the benefits of crowd energy harvesting compared to traditional wavebased systems.</P>

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Molecular communications: channel model and physical layer techniques

        Guo, Weisi,Asyhari, Taufiq,Farsad, Nariman,Yilmaz, H. Birkan,Li, Bin,Eckford, Andrew,Chae, Chan-Byoung Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2016 IEEE wireless communications Vol.23 No.4

        <P>This article examines recent research in molecular communications from a telecommunications system design perspective. In particular, it focuses on channel models and state-of-the-art physical layer techniques. The goal is to provide a foundation for higher layer research and motivation for research and development of functional prototypes. In the first part of the article, we focus on the channel and noise model, comparing molecular and radio-wave pathloss formulae. In the second part, the article examines, equipped with the appropriate channel knowledge, the design of appropriate modulation and error correction coding schemes. The third reviews transmitter and receiver side signal processing methods that suppress inter-symbol interference. Taken together, the three parts present a series of physical layer techniques that are necessary to produce reliable and practical molecular communications.</P>

      • Molecular MIMO: From Theory to Prototype

        Bon-Hong Koo,Changmin Lee,Yilmaz, H. Birkan,Farsad, Nariman,Eckford, Andrew,Chan-Byoung Chae IEEE 2016 IEEE journal on selected areas in communications Vol.34 No.3

        <P>In diffusion-based molecular communication, information transport is governed by diffusion through a fluid medium. The achievable data rates for these channels are very low compared to the radio-based communication system, since diffusion can be a slow process. To improve the data rate, a novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) design for molecular communication is proposed that utilizes multiple molecular emitters at the transmitter and multiple molecular detectors at the receiver (in RF communication these all correspond to antennas). Using particle-based simulators, the channel's impulse response is obtained and mathematically modeled. These models are then used to determine interlink interference (ILI) and intersymbol interference (ISI). It is assumed that when the receiver has incomplete information regarding the system and the channel state, low complexity symbol detection methods are preferred since the receiver is small and simple. Thus, four detection algorithms are proposed-adaptive thresholding, practical zero forcing with channel models excluding/including the ILI and ISI, and Genie-aided zero forcing. The proposed algorithms are evaluated extensively using numerical and analytical evaluations.</P>

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