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Spinal Growth Modulation with Use of a Tether in an Immature Porcine Model :
Newton, Peter O,Upasani, Vidyadhar V,Farnsworth, Christine L,Oka, Richard,Chambers, Reid C,Dwek, Jerry,Kim, Jung Ryul,Perry, Andrew,Mahar, Andrew T Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2008 Journal of bone and joint surgery Vol.90 No.12
<P>BACKGROUND: Spinal growth modulation by tethering the anterolateral aspect of the spine, as previously demonstrated in a nonscoliotic calf model, may be a viable fusionless treatment method for idiopathic scoliosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the radiographic, histologic, and biomechanical results after six and twelve months of spinal growth modulation in a porcine model with a growth rate similar to that of adolescent patients. METHODS: Twelve seven-month-old mini-pigs underwent instrumentation with a vertebral staple-screw construct connected by a polyethylene tether over four consecutive thoracic vertebrae. The spines were harvested after six (n = 6) or twelve months (n = 6) of growth. Monthly radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans (made after the spines were harvested), histologic findings, and biomechanical findings were evaluated. Analysis of variance was used to compare preoperative, six-month postoperative, and twelve-month postoperative data. RESULTS: Radiographs demonstrated 14 degrees +/- 4 degrees of coronal deformity after six months and 30 degrees +/- 13 degrees after twelve months of growth. Coronal vertebral wedging was observed in all four tethered vertebrae and progressed throughout each animal's survival period. Disc wedging was also created; however, in contrast to the findings associated with vertebral wedging, the tethered side was taller than the untethered side. Magnetic resonance images revealed no evidence of disc degeneration; however, the nucleus pulposus had shifted toward the side of the tethering. Midcoronal undecalcified histologic sections showed intact bone-screw interfaces with no evidence of implant failure or loosening. With the tether cut, stiffness decreased and range of motion increased in lateral bending away from the tether at both time-points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this porcine model, mechanical tethering during growth altered spinal morphology in the coronal and sagittal planes, leading to vertebral and disc wedging proportional to the duration of tethering. The resulting concave thickening of the disc in response to the tether was not anticipated and may suggest a capacity for the nucleus pulposus to respond to the compressive loads created by growth against the tether.</P>
Kim, Yun-Gon,Kim, Sun-Young,Hur, Young-Mi,Joo, Hwang-Soo,Chung, Junho,Lee, Dong-Sup,Royle, Louise,Rudd, Pauline M.,Dwek, Raymond A.,Harvey, David J.,Kim, Byung-Gee WILEY-VCH 2006 Proteomics Vol. No.
<P>The immunogenic nonhuman carbohydrate sequences in membrane proteins from porcine kidney were identified and characterized using MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-QTOF-MS. The MALDI profile, investigated by incubation with exoglycosidases, showed a series of about 40 carbohydrates that were identified as high mannose glycans (Man<SUB>3–9</SUB>GlcNAc<SUB>2</SUB>) and complex bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary glycans with and without core fucose. The antennae of many of the complex glycans were terminated with α-galactose residues, with the numbers of these residues ranging from one up to the number of antennae. Negative ion ESI-MS/MS spectra confirmed the location of the α-galactose residues on the ends of the antennae. This total glycan profile of the membrane proteins from porcine kidney will thus provide important information for the study of molecular interactions between antigenic carbohydrates and proteins in xenotransplantation.</P>
Yun-Gon Kim,Dong-Sik Shin,David J. Harvey,Hee-Jin Jeong,Kyoung-Soon Jang,Yung-Hun Yang,Chung-Gyu Park,Pauline M. Rudd,Raymond A. Dwek,Yoon-Sik Lee,Byung-Gee Kim 한국당과학회 2008 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.1
Glycan recognitionleading to cell-cell interactions, signaling, and immune responses is mediated by various glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) showing highly diverse ligand specificities. We describe here a rapid glycan immobilization technique via 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid (HBA)-functionalized beads and its application to high-throughput screening of miniature pig kidney N-glycan-binding proteins by using a mass-spectrometric approach. Firstly, total N-glycans from membrane glycoproteins derived from specific pathogen-free miniature pig kidney were qualitatively and quantitatively identified by MALDI-TOF, negative ion ESI MS/MS and normal-phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) combined with exoglycosidase digestion. Over 100 N-glycans, including sialylated and neutral types, were identified. Without any derivatization steps, the characterizedpig kidney N-glycans were directly immobilized on to HBA-functionalized beads and subsequently used to identify GBPs from human serum. This screening method showed remarkable performance for identifying potential GBPs closely involved in pig-to-human xenograft rejection mediated by human serum, including antibodies, cytokines, complement components, siglec, and CD antigens. Thus, these results demonstrate that the GBP screening method was firmly established by one-step immobilization of the N-glycans on to microsphere and highly sensitive mass-spectrometric analysis.